Ap Human Geography: Agriculture And Rural Land Use

Front 1

Agriculture

Back 1

The deliberate tending of crop and livestock to produce food and feed.
Ex. Growing Corn.

Front 2

Animal domestication

Back 2

When people started to keep animals for pets and food.
Ex. Domesticated Cows

Front 3

Plant domestication

Back 3

When people began to farm a part of a plant
Ex. Strawberry

Front 4

First Agricultural Revolution

Back 4

Dating back about 10-12,000 years ago when the development of seed agriculture
Ex. Agriculture on Nile River

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Second Agricultural Revolution

Back 5

The 17th and 18th century; new inventions from the Industrial Revolution helped this.
Ex. Cotton Gin, Steel Plow

Front 6

Third Agricultural Revolution

Back 6

Characterized by plant & animal cultivation, food processing and marketing
Ex. Commerical Agriculture

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Cadastral system

Back 7

Related influence on patterns of settlement and land use that declines property lines
Ex. Homeowner Taxes

Front 8

Long-lot survey

Back 8

System that divides land into narrow parcels
Ex. Subdivison of Lots

Front 9

Maladaptive diffusion

Back 9

Houses that are diffused in areas where they are not appropriate
Ex. Homes in Industirial Zones

Front 10

Survey Patterns
Long lots
Metes and Bounds
Township and Range

Back 10

Patterns of land division and survey.
Ex. Metes and bounds survey

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Metes and bounds survey

Back 11

System of land surveying that uses natural features.
Ex. Homes built into Hills

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Primogeniture

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All land is passed on to the eldest son
Ex. Inheirtance

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Rectangular land survey

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System that was adopted by the U.S. Government & divides land into rectangular parcels
Ex. Long Lots

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Wattle

Back 14

Houses built from poles and sticks and are plastered with mud
Ex. Mud Huts

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Agribusiness

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Transformed farms into corporate-like units
Ex. Tyson Meat Corporation

Front 16

Biotechnology

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The use of genetically engineered crops in agriculture and DNA manipulation in livestock to increase production
Ex. GNO's Gentically enhanced seeds

Front 17

Commercial agriculture

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A type of farming in which farmers produce food for sale
Ex. Commerical produced Dairy

Front 18

Green Revolution

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Revolution that tried to increase production of crops and end global hunger
Ex. World Food Organization

Front 19

Luxury crops

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Crops that need to be grown in suitable environment and needs available labor
Ex. Tabacco

Front 20

Organic agriculture

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Crops produced without pesticides and fertilizers
Ex. Organic Tomatoes

Front 21

Plantation agriculture

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Production system where cash crops are grown on large estates
Ex. Southern plantations in U.S during 19th century

Front 22

Cereal Grain

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A grass yielding grain for food.
Ex. Wheat

Front 23

Crop Rotation

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The rotation of crops as to not exhaust the soil.
Ex. Corn and Soy Bean Rotation in Midwest

Front 24

Agricultural Landscape

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The characteristics of agriculture and it's impact on the land.
Ex. Farms

Front 25

Agricultural Industrialization

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Part of the third agricultural revolution, where food production is produced in bulk.
Ex. Commercial Agriculture

Front 26

Agricultural origins

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Transfer from a hunter-gather society into an Agrarian Society around 10,000 years ago in Fertile Crescent.
Ex. Wheat

Front 27

Aquaculture

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Production of fish and water based food sources.
Ex. Commercial Fish Farms

Front 28

Bio-revolution

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Biotechnology and the use of genetically modified food.
Ex. Genetically modified seeds

Front 29

Cultivation Regions

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Regions of crop cultivation.
Ex. Midwest Corn Cultivation

Front 30

Desertification

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The transition of fertile land into desert lands.
Ex. Saharan Desert Region

Front 31

Economic Activity
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Back 31

Divisions economic activity, creation of wealth through production of goods and services.
Ex. Mining: Primary Activity

Front 32

Environmental Modifications
Pesticides
Soil Erosion
Desertification

Back 32

Modifications to the environment as a result of human activity.
Ex. Use of Pesticides (DDT)

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Subsistence Agriculture

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Producing only enough for yourself and family.
Ex. Early Family Farms

Front 34

Slash and Burn Agriculture

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The burning of forest lands to clear for agricultural uses.
Ex. Brazil Deforestation

Front 35

Extractive Industry

Back 35

An industry that extracts resources for use.
Ex. Mining

Front 36

Farm Crisis

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State of emergency in agricultral production on a farm.
Ex. Frozen Oranges in Florida

Front 37

Genetically Modified Foods

Back 37

(GFM) Foods that are as result of new biotechnology and of artificial origin.
Ex. Genetically modified Tomatoes

Front 38

Fishing

Back 38

A primary economic activity to harvest aqua-cultural resources
Ex. Lobster Fishing

Front 39

Globalized Agriculture

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Interconnected web of produce, and agricultural production.
Ex. U.S Corn Exports

Front 40

Grain

Back 40

A primary food source.
Ex. Wheat

Front 41

Growing Season

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The time appropriated to the growth of a crop.
Ex. Early Spring to Early Fall

Front 42

Horticulture

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Process of preparing soil for the planting of seeds.
Ex. Fertilizer

Front 43

Inter-tillage

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The practice of planting taller, stronger crops to shelter lower, fragile ones from tropical
downpours.
Ex. Cultivation of Crops between rows.

Front 44

Livestock Ranching

Back 44

The production of livestock on a ranch setting.
Ex. Livestock ranch in Montana

Front 45

Mineral Fuel

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Minerals that are used for fuel.
Ex. Uranium in Nuclear plants

Front 46

Mining

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Primary activity of harvest earth's mineral resources.
Ex. Coal Mining

Front 47

Nonrenewable

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Resources that are limited in nature and cannot be reused.
Ex. Oil

Front 48

Pasture

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Land used for grazing of Livestock.
Ex. Ranch Pasture

Front 49

Ranching

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Production of Livestock.
Ex. Cattle Ranching

Front 50

Reaper

Back 50

A tool used for harvesting wheat.
Ex. Wheat reaper before invention of tractors and combines.

Front 51

Planned Economy

Back 51

An Economy that results of overhead planning, opposite of free-market economy.
Ex. Swedish Economy

Front 52

Sawah

Back 52

Simulation Algorithm for Water Flow in Aqueous in Habitats
Ex. Rice Patty

Front 53

Staple grains

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Grains that are staple, main crops of nourishment.
Ex. Rice, Wheat

Front 54

Wet Rice

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Rice produced in wet climates.
Ex. Sawah

Front 55

Transhumance

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The migration of cattle from pasture to highlands.
Ex. Cattle transhumance in Argentina

Front 56

Agricultural Location Model

Back 56

A model that deals with why agriculture is located in particular regions.
Ex. Midwest Bread Basket

Front 57

Sustainable yield

Back 57

ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself.
Ex. Forestry

Front 58

Winnow

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To free of unwanted or inferior elements.
Ex. Removal of Weeds

Front 59

Von Thunen, Johann

Back 59

Prominent nineteenth century economist, developed the basics of the theory of marginal productivity.
Ex. Thunen Model

Front 60

Sauer, Carl O

Back 60

American geographer, which considered how cultural landscapes are made up of "the forms superimposed on the physical landscape."
Ex. Sauer Model