Ap Human Geo Chapter Two Vocab

Front 1

Agricultural Revolution

Back 1

This caused a huge jump in the amount of world population and can be defined as the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer solely relied on hunting and gathering. More people were able to survive because they now had a stable form of food available to themselves.

Front 2

Census

Back 2

The single most important data source for geographers would have to be census. This is taken once every decade, in years ending with a zero. Some businesses take it every five years, and some countries don’t do it with numbers starting with zero, but sometimes with the number one.

Front 3

Crude Birth Rate

Back 3

This is the total number of live births in a year for every thousand people alive in the society.

Front 4

Crude Death Rate

Back 4

This is the total number of deaths in a year for every thousand people alive in the society.

Front 5

Demographic Transition

Back 5

All countries have experienced some changes in natural increase, fertility, and mortality rates, but at different times and at different rates. Although rates vary among countries, a similar process of change in a society’s population, known as the demographic transition, is operating.

Front 6

Demography

Back 6

The scientific study of population is known as demography.

Front 7

Dependency Ratio

Back 7

This is the most important factor in age distribution. It is the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the total number of people in their productive years. The greater the number of dependency, the greater the amount of financial burden it is for the people who have to work to support those who cannot support themselves.

Front 8

Doubling Time

Back 8

This is the amount of years that it takes for a population to be able to double itself. The rate of natural increase affects it.

Front 9

Epidemiological Transition

Back 9

Transition: Medical researchers have identified an epidemiological transition that focuses on distinctive causes of death in each stage of demographic transition.

Front 10

Epidemiology

Back 10

This is the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large amounts of people.

Front 11

Ecumene

Back 11

This is a portion of the Earth’s surface that is occupied by a permanent human settlement.

Front 12

Industrial Revolution

Back 12

Countries entered stage two of demographic transition because of industrial revolution. This revolution caused a great amount of wealth due to the new mechanics available, which caused better health care and the ability to ship things to other places.

Front 13

Infant Mortality Rate

Back 13

This is the average number of children a women will have throughout her childbearing years [these years average between 15 through 49].

Front 14

Life Expectancy

Back 14

This is the average amount of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels.

Front 15

Medical Revolution

Back 15

This is when medical equipment ended up diffusing to less developed countries such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This created longer life spans and eliminated old causes of deaths.

Front 16

Natural Increase Rate

Back 16

This is the percentage by which a population grows in a year. It is created by subtracting the crude birth rate from the crude death rate, after first converting the numbers from members of a thousand to actual percentages. For example: if CBR is 20 and CDR is 5. The NIR would be 15, or 1.5 percent [I think all you have to do to convert it from a number to a percent is to move the decimal back one place].

Front 17

Overpopulation

Back 17

This is not simply just the amount of people on the Earth, but the amount of people on the Earth compared to the amount of available resources. Problems arise when the amount of people is more the environment can support.

Front 18

Pandemic

Back 18

Stage two is sometimes referred to the stage of receding pandemics. A pandemic is a disease that occurs over a wide geographical area and affects a high proportion of the population. Improved sanitation, nutrition, and medicine caused by the Industrial Revolution helped reduce the amount of pandemics.

Front 19

Population Pyramid

Back 19

A country’s population can be displayed by age and gender groups on a bar graph called a population pyramid. A population pyramid normally shows the percentage of the total population in five-year age groups, with the youngest groups at the bottom and the oldest groups at the top. Females are usually on the right side, and males are in the left.

Front 20

Sex Ratio

Back 20

The number of males per hundred females in the population is the sex ratio.

Front 21

Total Fertility Rate

Back 21

This is used to measure the number of total births in the society. It also measures the average amount of children a woman will have during her childbearing years [which range from 15-49].

Front 22

Zero Population Growth

Back 22

This term is often applied to stage four countries. This is when the Natural Increase Rate starts to approach, or even reach zero, meaning that the population is no longer increasing.

Front 23

Total Fertility Rate

Back 23

This is used to measure the number of total births in the society. It also measures the average amount of children a woman will have during her childbearing years [which range from 15-49].

Front 24

Zero Population Growth

Back 24

This term is often applied to stage four countries. This is when the Natural Increase Rate starts to approach, or even reach zero, meaning that the population is no longer increasing.