Ap Government Court Cases Chapter 4 &5

Front 1

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Back 1

Bill of RIghts only applies to federal; not state governments

Front 2

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Back 2

Bill of Rights applies to federal and state governments

Front 3

Lemon V. Kurtzman (1971)

Back 3

Supreme Court decision that established Lemon Test
1. have a secular legislative purpose
2.have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion
3.not foster excessive government entanglement with religion.

Front 4

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)

Back 4

government can fund public religious schools indirectly

Front 5

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Back 5

reciting a prayer violates establishment clause

Front 6

Abington Twonship v. Schemmp (1963

Back 6

Bible Reading violates establishment clause.

Front 7

Near v. Minnesota (1931)

Back 7

FIrst Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint.

Front 8

Schneck v. USA

Back 8

established clear and present danger test.

Front 9

Zurcher v. Standford Daily

Back 9

decision that a search warrant could be applied to a newspaper as well as to anyone else without violation the FIrst Amendment rights to freedom of the press

Front 10

Roth v. USA

Back 10

obscenity is not within constitutional area of protected speech or press.

Front 11

Miller v. California (1973)

Back 11

obcene when
1. the work, taken as a whole, appealed "to a purient interest in sex"
2. "patently offensive" sexual conduct
3. lacked "serious literacy, artistic, political, or scientific value

Front 12

NY Times v. Sullivan (1964)

Back 12

you can be sued for libel

Front 13

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Back 13

symbolic speech is protected by the FIrst Amendment.

Front 14

Miami Herald v. Tornillo (1975)

Back 14

Newspapers can endorse 1 candidate

Front 15

Red Lion v. FCC (1969)

Back 15

there can be restrictions of radio and television broadcasting.

Front 16

NAACP v. ALabama (1959)

Back 16

protects the rights of people to assemble and have privacy within a group

Front 17

Mapp v. Ohio (1969)

Back 17

right to privacy must be extended to states

Front 18

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Back 18

established Miranda rights

Front 19

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Back 19

states will give you an attorney if you dont have one.

Front 20

Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

Back 20

Court does not believe death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.

Front 21

McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)

Back 21

decision that upheld the constituitoanlity of dath penalty against charges that it violated the 14th amendment.

Front 22

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Back 22

state ban on all abortions are unconstituional. Abortion was legal during first trimester, limited abortions during second trimester, and protected the fetus during the third trimester (no abortion)

Front 23

Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)

Back 23

It put more regulations on abortion.decision which loosened its standard for evaluationg restrictions on abortions from "strict scrutiny" of any restraitns on a "fundamental right" to one of "undue burden" that permits considerably mroe regulation.

Front 24

Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Back 24

slave who escaped to a free state enjoyed no right as a citizen.

Front 25

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Back 25

"seperate but equal"

Front 26

Brown v. Board of Eduaction (1954)

Back 26

outlawed "seperate but equal"

Front 27

Korematsu v. USA (1944)

Back 27

upheld Japanese internment camps

Front 28

Reed v. Reed

Back 28

first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination. court ruled that any arbitrary gender-based classification violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Front 29

Craig v. Boren (1976)

Back 29

established "medium scrutiny: standard for determining gender discrimination

Front 30

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Back 30

held that unviersity cannot admit less qualified people solely on their race.

Front 31

Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995)

Back 31

federal programs that classify people by race should be presumed to be unconstitutional.

Front 32

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Back 32

said public school students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the school house door.

Front 33

Hazelwood School v. Kuhlmeier (1998)

Back 33

Court held that school officials have sweeping authority to regulate fee speech in student run newspapers.

Front 34

Thornhill v. ALabama (1940)

Back 34

Court held that strikes by unions were not unlawful.

Front 35

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Back 35

COURT HELD THAT AMISH PEOPLE MAY PULL STUDENTS OUT OF SCHOOL AT AGE 16 DUE TO RELIGIOUS REASONS

Front 36

Weeks v. US (1914)

Back 36

established exclusionary rule

Front 37

Powell v. Alabama (1932)

Back 37

court ruled that states must provide attorney in death penalty case.

Front 38

Betts v. Brady (1942)

Back 38

established that state governments did not have to provide lawyers to indigent defendants in capital cases.

Front 39

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)

Back 39

defendant gets a lawyer or anuy confession garnered after that point would be inadmissible in court.

Front 40

Furman v. Georgia (1972)

Back 40

held a halt to all death penalty punishments in the nation until a less arbitrary method of sentencing was found.

Front 41

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Back 41

husbands and wives make their own decisions on birth control

Front 42

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1987)

Back 42

It made minors notify one or both parents or a judge before obtaining an abortion. States do not have to fund abortion

Front 43

Brown v. Board 2nd(1955)

Back 43

ordered schools to desegregate "with all due and deliberate speed."

Front 44

SHAW V. RENO (1993)

Back 44

Court decried the creation of districts based solely on racial composition.

Front 45

MILLER v. Johnson (1995)

Back 45

Court rejected the efforts of the Justice Department to achieve the maximum possible number of minority districts.

Front 46

Guinn v. USA

Back 46

grandfather clause was unconstituional

Front 47

Smith v. Allwright

Back 47

declated white primaries are unconstituitonal

Front 48

Sweatt v Painter (1950)

Back 48

finds the "seperate but equal" formula generally unacceptable in professional schools.

Front 49

Employment Division v. Smith

Back 49

the Supreme Court ruled that states can prohibit certain religious practices, but not religion itself.

Front 50

United States v. Leon

Back 50

established good-faith exception

Front 51

Dickerson v. USA

Back 51

supported the Miranda decision

Front 52

Argersinger v. Hamlin

Back 52

a lawyer must be provided for the accused whenever imprisonment could be imposed

Front 53

Sternberg v. Carhart

Back 53

Nebraska's prohibition of "partial birth" abortions was unconstitutional because it placed an undue burden on women seeking an abortion by limiting their options to less safe procedures and because the law provided no exception for cases where the health of the mother was at risk

Front 54

Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966)

Back 54

invalidated poll taxes in state elections

Front 55

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton

Back 55

The Court made it clear that employers are responsible for preventing and eliminating harassment at work

Front 56

Gratz v. Bollinger

Back 56

the Court struck down the University of Michigan's system of undergraduate admissions in which every applicant from an underrepresented racial or ethnic minority group was automatically awarded 20 points of the 100 needed to guarantee admission.

Front 57

Wolf v. Colorado

Back 57

fourth amendment is applicable to states however exclusionary rule is not.

Front 58

Lee v. Weisman (1992)

Back 58

religious leader speaking at a public ceremony is unconstitutional.