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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Collective bargaining |
The process in which a union represents a group of employees in negotiations with the employer about wages, benefits, and workplace safety |
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Recall |
A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term |
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Faction |
A term Founders used to refer to political parties and special interests or interest groups |
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Pluralism |
A theory of government that holds that open, multiply, and competing groups can check the asserted Powers by any one group |
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Interest groups |
A collection of people who share a common interest or attitude and seek to influence government for specific ends. Interest groups usually work within the framework of government and try to achieve their goals through tactics such as lobbying |
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Social movement |
A large body of people interested in a common issue, idea, or concern that is of continuing significance and who are willing to take action. Movements seek to change attitudes or institutions, not just policies |
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Open shop |
A company with a labor agreement under which union membership can not be required as a condition of employment |
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Closed shop |
A company with labor agreement under which union membership can be a condition of employment |
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Free Rider |
An individual who does not join a group representing or their interest yet received the benefits of the group's influences |
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Professional Association |
A group of individuals who share a common profession and are often organized for common political purposes related to that profession |
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Non-governmental organization (NGO) |
A non-profit Association or group operating outside government that Advocates and pursues policy objectives |
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Collective action |
How groups form organized to pursue their goals or objectives, including how to get individuals and groups to participate and cooperate. The term has many applications in the various social sciences such as political science, sociology, and economics |
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Public choice |
Synonymous with Collective action, spacifically studies how government officials, politicians, and voters respond to positive and negative incentives |
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Lobbying |
Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators, and the policies they enact |
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Federal Register |
An official document, published every weekday, that lists the new and proposed regulations of executive departments and Regulatory Agencies |
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Amicus curiae brief |
Literally, a friend-of-the-court brief, filed by an individual or organization to present arguments in addition to those presented by the immediate parties to a case |
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Super PAC |
Independent expenditure only committee first allowed in 2010 after Court decisions allowed unlimited contributions to such a pack. |
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Bundling |
A tactic in which Pacs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (w/ a limit of $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a bundle, thus increasing the Pacs influence |
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Lobbyist |
A person who is employed by an acts for an organized interest group or Corporation to try to influence policy decisions and positions in the executive and legislative branches |
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Revolving door |
An employment cycle in which individuals who work for government agencies that regulate interests eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern |
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Issue Network |
Relationships among interest groups, congressional committees and subcommittees, and the government agencies that share a common policy concern |
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Political action committee (PAC) |
The political arm of an interest group that is legally entitled to raise funds on a voluntary basis from Members, stockholders, or employees to contribute funds to candidates are political parties |
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Leadership PAC |
A PAC other candidates formed by an officeholder that collects contributions from individuals and other Pacs and then makes contributions to other candidates and political parties |
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Bipartisan campaign Reform Act (BCRA) |
Largely Band Party soft money, restored long-standing prohibition on corporations and labor unions use of General treasury funds for electoral purposes, and narrowing the definition of issue advocacy |
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Soft money |
Money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party building purposes. Now largely illegal except for limited contributions to state or local parties for voter registration and get out the vote efforts |
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Independent expenditures |
The Supreme Court has ruled that individuals, groups, and parties can spend unlimited amounts in campaigns for or against candidates as long as they operate independently from the candidates. |
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Issue advocacy |
Promoting a particular position or an issue paid for by interest groups or individuals but not candidates. Much issue advocacy involves electioneering for or against a candidate, avoiding words like vote for and until 2004 had not been subject to any regulation |
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527 organization |
A political group organized under Section 527 of the IRS code that may accept and spend unlimited money on the election activities so long as they are not spending on broadcast ads within the last 30 days before a primary or 60 days before a general in which a clearly identified candidate is referred to and relevant electorate is targeted |
