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175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All of the following are considered rational-legal authority in Britain except: A) Magna Carta B) Bill of Rights C) Hereditary Monarchy D) common law E) "Constitution of the Crown" |
C |
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What countries have legal and judicial systems that are based on common law? |
GB and US and Nigeria |
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What social cleavage has gotten stronger in the 21st century in Britain? |
ethnic |
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Why despite the fact that Britain has many political parties is there always a party that can claim majority? |
because it has a plurality electoral system |
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What is neoliberalism? What caused these reforms in GB? |
support extensive economic liberalization policies such as privatization, fiscal austerity, deregulation, free trade, and reductions in government spending in order to enhance the role of the private sector in the economy caused by burden and pressure from intl leaders |
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what is insularity? |
ignorance of or lack of interest in cultures, ideas, or peoples outside one's own experience. ex. Reason why british don't want to go to EU |
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What caused Tony Blair to devolutionize Britain? |
because there were multi-national identities |
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What are the Scottish Nationalists? |
the Scottish people form a cohesive nation and national identity and is closely linked to the cause of Scottish home rule and Scottish independence, the ideology of the Scottish National Party, the party forming the Scottish Government. |
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From where are British Elites recruited today? |
the military |
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How are the members of the single-member district system different than members of the proportional parliament system? |
less ideological and class-based |
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what was established in order to fix ethnonationalism in Nigeria? |
National Youth Service Corps. |
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What is ECOWAS? |
a regional group of fifteen West African countries. Founded in 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos, its mission is to promote economic integration across the region |
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what is a core principle of regime in Modern-day Iran? |
accomodation of Islam to constitutional framework |
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What did the "Good Friday" agreement address? |
religious conflict in Northern Ireland |
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What political party in England gets most of its votes from rural and suburban areas? |
Conservative |
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What British voting party is at the most disadvantage from the plurality system? |
Liberal Democrat |
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the British Election? A) party leaders run in "safe districts" B) MP candidates must live in their own districts C) individuals vote for 4 officials on a national level D) virtually no minor parties win MP seats E) Elections for House of Commons are held at a different time than for House of Lords |
a house district in which the winner of the general election carries more than 55% of the vote |
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What are the Quangos? what pattern do they represent of interest groups in policymaking? |
Quangos are arms-length bodies funded by government departments but not run by them. They are given power and paid for by government departments. Created so that hey can do certain governmental works that governmental departments don't have time for shows neo-corporatism |
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Which is not an accurate description of the relationship between BBC and the gov? A) gov regulates BBC and private media companies B) BBC has competition from other private media outlets C) BBC seldom criticizes govt. officials |
C |
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In what governmental body does the term "collective responsibility" most accurate for in GB? |
cabinet |
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what is the shadow cabinet formed by? |
the loyal opposition |
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Who runs Britain's highest court of appeals? |
law lords |
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referenda on British issues has occurred for: A) European constitution B)regional assemblies C) adoption of euro as currency D) National Health Service E) support of Iraqi War |
B |
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How was terrorism in GB changed over the past few years? |
the focus has changed from violence in Northern Ireland to international terrorism |
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what is nomenklatura? |
a list of influential posts in government and industry to be filled by Communist Party appointees. |
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what does the characteristic "slavophile v. westernizer" show about Russia? |
it is conflictual |
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what is democratic centralism? what part of Russian history was define by it? |
the Leninist organizational system in which policy is decided centrally and is binding on all members USSR |
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The violence between Russia and Chechnya was an example of what type of cleavage? |
ideology |
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in contrast to presidential elections in the 90s, the Russian elections in 2000 and 2004 were what? a) more competitive b) less competitive c) less controlled by oligarchs d) less interesting to Russian public e) more corrupt |
B |
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What type of state is Russia? Federalist or Unitary? |
Federalist |
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WHat types of elections take place in both Britain and Russia? |
referenda and elections to national legislature |
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what is state corporatism? |
business and companies that participate in policy-making are controlled by the government |
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What is the status of media restriction and ownership in Russia? |
most media outlets are owned by individuals, but the government restricts freedoms of press and speech |
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What is unique about the purpose of the Federal Council of Russia? |
represent regions in the national legislature |
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What are the responsibilities of Duma? |
can reject president's nomination for PM pass legislation approve budget impeach president |
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What is the responsibility of the Constitutional Court? |
decide constitutionality of laws and presidential decrees |
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What do British and Russian military have in common? |
neither are active in the policymaking process |
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What is the Confederation of the Independent States?
Which state is in it? |
possessing coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking, and securit
promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention.
participate in the CIS Free Trade Area, and five of these form the Eurasian Economic Union, a customs union andsingle market of over 180 million people
All former Soviet Union republics |
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why has Russia recently been assertive with the Western countries? |
growing clout of oil and gas industries |
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What event made Putin announce that regional leaders would now be selected, not elected? |
siege of Beslan school- group of armed Islamic terrorists, mostly Ingushand Chechen, occupied School Number One (SNO) in the town of Beslan, North Ossetia |
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President putin has taken all of the motives to centralize power in the presidency except for: a) taken control of oil and gas b) control of major TV stations c) gained power to remove governmental officials from office d) gained power to nominate regional governors e) run for a 3rd term |
E |
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which of the following is a formal source of sovereignty, authority and power but in reality has little bearing on policymaking in China? a) constitution of 1982 b) Deng Xiaoping Theory c) democratic centralism d) guanxi e) zhogonno |
A |
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what is guanxi and zhogonno? |
guanxi- system of social networks and influential relationships that facilitate business and other dealings. Zhogonno- china |
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what is a similarity between confucianism and Maoism? |
emphasizes responsibility of ruler to the people |
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"it doesn't matter if its black or white, as long as the cat catches the mice" what does this describe? a) Maoism b) Mandate of heaven c) Chinese nationalism d) Deng Xiaoping's theory e) parallel hierarchies |
D |
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what caused political and economic change in Russia and China? Whose was first? |
China fell to regional hegemony before Russia |
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What is hegemony? |
leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others. |
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what patterns of political and economic change altered in China during the 19th century? |
Europeans established spheres of influence in China |
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Between 1958 and 1966, how did Chinese communist policy differed for Russian policy? |
Chinese emphasized more the development of the agricultural sector |
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what was the primary goal of the Chinese cultural revolution? |
purify party and country through radical transformation |
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all of the following are accurate statements about China's ethnic minorities, EXCEPT: a) most live on or near Chinese borders b) most live in sparsely populated areas c) an independence movement is active in Tibet d) few of China's ethnic minorities are Muslim e) China has officially recognized many ethnic groups |
D |
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What is a significant change of CCP in the past few years? |
capitalists may now be party members |
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what is the most important policy-making body in China? |
Standing Committee of the Politburo |
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Which is accurate about the elections in China? I. the president and the vice president are directly elected II. representatives to Party's National Congress are directly elected III. deputies to county people's congress are elected IV. local officials are directly elected |
III and IV |
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which faction has controlled the politburo since the death of Deng Xiaoping? |
reformers/ open door |
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Who comes after Zeming as the president? |
Hu Jintao |
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what two factors caused high level of corruption in China's political culture? |
1. economic boom 2. guanxi |
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which countries formally divide executives into heads of state and heads of government? |
China, Russia and Britain |
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What is the most important factor of the revival codes in modern day China? |
privazation |
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Leaning left political leaders in Mexico describe policies based on what? |
dependency theory |
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what is a purchasing power parity? where is Mexico's in relation to GB, China, Russia, Iran and Nigeria? |
a theory which states that exchange rates between currencies are in equilibrium when their purchasing power is the same in each of the two countries. lower than GB and Russia only |
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What does not have an accurate description of strong historical traditions in Mexico? a) authoritarianism b) populism c) divisiveness among elites d) instability e) reliance on common law |
E |
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which countries have strong patterns of patron-clientelism in their countries? |
Russia, China and Mexico |
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The strong cleavage that occurred between the Amerindians and the Europeans was bridged what figures? |
priests |
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What was a common characteristic of the Russian, Chinese and Mexican revolutions of the early 20th century? |
all eventually ended in one-party states |
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Who is Lazaro Cardinas? |
President in 30s- He is best known for nationalization of the oil industry in 1938 and creation of Pemex, the government oil monopoly. he reformed nationalization of industry, inclusion of pesants and unions in policy-making, investments in public works and creating areas of communal land used for agriculture, |
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What are voter participation rates in Mexico? |
reached their height in '94 but declined in two elections since |
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interest groups in Mexico's civil society are more likely to: a)agree with government b) stay out of policy-making process c) solicit pesants as members d)support government e) refuse to cooperate with government |
E |
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Why isn't mexico considered a stable democracy? |
hasn't shown consistent democracy practice for 40 years |
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All of the following are accurate statements about the PRD except: a) it's seen as the PRI's opposition to the left b) plagued by poor organization c) less likely to support market economy than PAN d) generally more support in north than in south e) has made significant gains in the legislative elections of 2006 |
D |
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what is an ejido system? |
an area of communal land used for agriculture, on which community members individually farm designated parcels and collectively maintain communal holdings shows socialism |
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What is para statal? what's a good example of a mexican one? |
having some political authority and serving the state indirectly, especially in some African countries. ex. PEMEX-the Mexican state-owned petroleum company ex. Nigeria's power-holding company |
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Why have an increasing number of women been elected recently to Mexican legislature? |
election law requires political parties to sponsor women |
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What is a major change in the Mexican military since mid-20th century? |
no longer has policy-making power |
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1. Which of the following do Nigeriaand Great Britain have in common? A) Both countries have parliamentarysystems of government with directly elected presidents B) Both countries have ethnicdiversity and strong regional identities C) Both countries have powerful executivebranches and very weak legislatures and judiciaries D) Both countries have economiesdominated by the export of crude oil E) Both countries have a strongsense of national unity with minimal social cleavages |
B |
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Who is the chancellor of the exchequer? |
Finance Minister |
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How did Mexico limit the power of the church in the past? |
by not allowing priests to vote |
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1. Which institution has responsibility for organizing, registering voters and parties and giving all parties access to the media in the federal elections in Mexico? |
Institute of Federal Elections |
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Which characteristic of the modern British political system is most directly linkedto the tradition of noblesse oblige? |
willingness of GB to accept welfare state |
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Which of the following is NOTa political party operating in the UK? A) Labour Party B) Conservative Party C) Social Democratic Party D) Scottish National Party E) Plaid Cymru |
C |
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What concepts of sovereignty rooted in the Achemenian Empire are part of Iran's ancient traditions? |
-union of religious and political power - king's power supported by military - centralization of political power - authoritarian rule |
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Where does Iran's identity with Shiism come from? |
Safavids |
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In what area are women best represented in Iran? |
university enrollment |
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first written constitution of Iran came as a result of what event? |
Revolution of 1905-1909 |
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What body has the power to veto laws passed by the Majilis? |
Council of Guardians |
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In which era did Iran become a rentier state? |
rule of Pahlavis |
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Islamic fundamentalism of Ayatollah Khomeini basic to the 1979 revolution was characterized by everything except: a) resentments towards US b) literal interpretation of Islamic texts c) liberalism d)political traditionalism e) resentments towards Iranian elite |
C |
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How did the Constitution of 1909 differ from the Constitution of 1979? |
divinely inspired cleric rule |
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What is the minority group of Iran? |
Azeri |
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In what three bodies of Iran is theocracy most shown? |
Supreme leader, expediency Council and Guardian council |
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what is the political system in Iran characterized by? |
factional splits |
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Who has a proportional parliamentary system? |
Mexico, Russia, Nigeria |
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Which countries have federalist governments? |
Russia, Mexico, Nigeria |
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Which countries have a president? |
China, Russia, Nigeria, Iran, Mexico |
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Foundation for the Oppressed, Martyrs Foundation, and Foundation for the Publication of Imam Khamaini's works are examples of what? a)departments in bureaucracy b) private interest groups c) controversial organizations not approved by govt. d) groups supervised by majeles e) semipublic institutions |
E |
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What Iranian leader is least likely to be a cleric? |
a member of the Majles |
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In which countries does the military still have an active role in policy-making? |
China and Iran |
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What is statism? |
the belief that the government should take an active role in controlling the economy |
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What types of discussions does the Qom hold? |
discussions with religious scholars |
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What is Ayatollah Khomeini's attitude towards economic policy? A) liberal B) laissez faire C) disdainful D) erratic E) controlling |
disdainful (lack of respect, hate) |
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what is Nigeria's "national question"? |
if it should remain as one country |
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How is the Nigerian Constitution different than the Iranian Constitution? |
It's much less of an important source for political authority |
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What were informal politics in Nigeria and Mexico in their pre-democracy days defined by? |
patron-clientelism |
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Which of the following is a mismatch between ethnic group and region in Nigeria? I. NW/ Hausa Faulani II. NE/ Kanuri III. SW/ Igbo IV. SE/ Yoruba |
III and IV |
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Which countries have the largest number of ethnic minority groups in comparison to their overall population? |
Russia and Nigeria |
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What has happened in recent years in Nigeria that proves that the political system is stabilizing? |
People's Democratic Party chose to run a Christian presidential candidate from the south in 1999 and 2003 |
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Which countries use a plurality system ONLY for electing the president? |
Iran, GB and Nigeria |
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What is a good characteristic of the labor unions in Nigeria? a)all are controlled by the govt b) they are weak because they were first formed after 1999 c) they have a long, active history in Nigeria d) they are strong in the North, but not in the South e) they are numerous but ideologically splintered |
C |
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Which institution in Nigeria provides equal representation for the states? |
the Senate |
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How is it shown that the Nigerian Judiciary has started gaining independence |
it ruled that the Independent National Electoral commission did not have the authority to disqualify candidates for office |
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Which institution in Nigeria is seen as the most national in character? |
the military |
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In Nigeria, most rent-seeking behavior is directed toward: a) the gov for a share of oil revenue b) foreign-based oil companies that control the economy c) real estate controlled by govt |
A |
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How does the Freedom House scoring work? what does it represent? |
Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores (see tables 1 and 2). Those whose ratings average 1.0 to 2.5 are considered Free, 3.0 to 5.0 Partly Free, and 5.5 to 7.0 Not Free (see table 3). The designations of Free, Partly Free, and Not Free each cover a broad third of the available scores |
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In recent years, the Nigerian government has taken steps towards democracy in everything EXCEPT: a) checks and balances b) independent jury c) open civil society d) civilian control of the executive e) free and fair elections |
E |
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What is common law? |
From custom and judicial precedent rather than passing of laws |
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What is a slavophile? |
Someone who believes in the idea that the Russian Empire should be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history |
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Which two GB political parties collaborated to create a coalition in the 2010 elections? why? |
Conservatives and Liberal Democrats didn't have enough votes, policies most similar |
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What is political legitimacy? what are some examples? |
political legitimacy is the people giving something the right to rule. Examples include: 1. Rational-legal legitimacy- free elections, rules, laws, 2. Charismatic legitimacy- by personality 3. Traditional- includes Sharia law, Allah, Sharia law |
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Examples of Supernational Organizations |
EU, WTO, ECOWAS, UN |
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What is a hybrid regime? |
a regime that is a combination of democracy and authoritarianism |
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What types of regimes are China and Russia? |
China-authoritarian Russia- hybrid |
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what is the media control like in Russia? |
small market media- free large market media- restricted and controlled |
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what is the civil society like in China?
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There is widespread persecution ofactivists …BY the government |
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What is a significant ethnic division in Mexico? What movement was started in response? |
Amerindian (indigenous) and mestizos.• Amerindian (indigenous) and whites (Spanish).• Mestizos and whites (Spanish). in response was the Zapasistas or the Chiapas |
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What are major ethnic divisions in Nigeria? What movement was started in response to them? |
Hausa/Fulani and Yoruba. • Hausa/Fulani and Igbo. • Yoruba and Igbo. MEND: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta .• MOSOP: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People .• Indigenous peoples in Niger Delta (Ijaw). • OPC: Oodua People’s Congress (Yoruba) .• MASSOB: Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (Igbo). |
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What chief executive is limited to a one-term limit? |
Mexico |
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What is political socialization? examples |
process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire their ideas aboutgovernment rallies, textbooks, ads |
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What are some of the environmental programs that have been caused in China? how can it be fixed? |
water pollution air pollution destroying of habitat fixed by regulations, usage of green technology |
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What the relationship between interest groups and the state ina pluralist system? |
they are autonomous, compete for access |
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What country that was corporatist but is now pluralist? |
Britain Mexico |
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What are the economic policies that prompted migration withinMexico? |
NAFTA import substitution industrialization policies- initially have tariffs to stimulate economic growth but lack of competition allows for inefficiencies and growth stalls |
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What were the political consequences of migration within China and Mexico? |
Mexico: • Weakening of the PRI • Rise of the PAN and PRD • Government addressing new labor issues that arise in urban areas • Protests • Loss of legitimacy China: • Protests • Infrastructure issues that government has to address • Loss of legitimacy |
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How did the Mexican and Chinese governments respond to migration? |
China actively responding to internal migration whileMexico is not actively responding to internal migration .Examples of specific policy comparisons include: • Chinese reduction of social benefits for migrants compared with Mexican government untargetedpoverty reduction policies • Chinese creation of the New Socialist Countryside compared with Mexican support of businessdevelopment in the North |
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What is the electoral system of Russia? What are the effects as a result of this? |
Proportional with threshold White Russia- Usually wins, little representation of minority parties |
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Why is the House of Commons more effective than the Duma with regard to the executive? |
The majority party in the House of Commons can ask the prime minister to step down withoutcalling for new elections, whereas the president in Russia can eventually dissolve the Duma if thepresident disagrees with a vote of no confidence. • There is fusion of power in Great Britain, where the prime minister sits in Parliament, whereas inRussia there is separation of power and the president does not sit in the Duma |
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What can the Duma and house of commons do? |
• Makes laws and passes bills .• Conducts votes of no confidence .• Debates policy issues .• Represents the people. |
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What are three changes that were created in Putin's regime that show that Russia has become more authoritarian under his rule? |
• presidential appointment of regional governors instead of direct election media control civil society control |
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What economic issues result from a rentier state? |
lack of diversification of the local economy • price fluctuations caused by dependence on world market |
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What challenges comes to the sovereignty of a parliament in Great Britain? |
devolution of authority to parliaments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland • turning over of justice and policy matters to Northern Ireland |
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What is an example of violent political activity in Britain? |
2005 London bombings • 2007 Scottish airport bombing |
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What is an example of violent political activity in Nigeria? |
• violence at the polls • violent protests over elections |
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Which country executes more people |
China |
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Private ownership of what is controversial in Russia? |
Land |
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What are the 3 courts of the Court of Justice of the European Union |
Court of Justice, General Court and Civil Service Tribunal |
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What political ideology believes in ending private ownership? |
Communism |
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The socioeconomic status of which group of people was a contributing factor in the Chiapas Revolt? |
Those of Mayan Descent |
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what two things legitimitze authority and inspire unity? |
Religion and secular nationalism |
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What is occidental? |
the west |
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What has Nigeria done to reform under the civilian government? |
private the government- owned petrochemical company |
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What is insurgency? |
a movement within a country dedicated to overthrowing the government |
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What country doesn't use a plurality voting system> |
China |
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What is the main difference between the formation of the Nigerian government and the government of GB? |
interstate war |
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What outside influence played a role in the Russian Revolution? |
WWI |
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What policy have members of the UN criticized China about and asked for change? |
environmental |
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United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is seeking to help Mexico establish: |
Gender equality |
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what religions are legally recognized in Iran besides Islam>> |
Sunni Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism |
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What are reinforced cleavages? |
cleavages that overlap each other in certain areas such as class and ethnicity |
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What was a contributing factor in the 1989 Student Movement adn tiananmen Square incident? |
High inflation |
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What do remittances influence in Mexico? |
migration |
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What is a mujtahid? |
a person who has been certified as capable of interpreting religious law |
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Which military leader transitioned Nigeria to a civilian government? |
General Abdulsalami Abubakar |
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How many European countries do not use the euro? |
3 |
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Who is not a charismatic leader? a. Ayatollah Khomeini b. Winston Churchill c. Abdulsalami Abubakar d. Mao Tse Tung e. Vladamir Putin |
C |
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What has Putin's policies been on regarding natural resources? what has the effect been< |
he has restricted export, has nationalized the big producing companies as a result, govt has leverage over the economy and increased corruption |
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How are Chinese leaders different now from the past? what effect has this had on the economy |
Leaders were once more revolutionary but now have greater technical expertise. Leaders once valued ideological purity but are now more business oriented more of a focus on economic liberalization |
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How did the Nigerian armed forces undermined the stability ofthe Nigerian state between 1960 and 1999? |
Frequent interventions or coups |
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How can legislation be controlled in an authoritarian regime? |
Limits or restrain debate of opposing views • Limits or prohibit changes to executive proposals • Co-opts or represses dissenting legislators |
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What is a linkage institution? |
a structure within a society that connects the people to the government or centralized authority |
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What is a name of a Chinese ethnic group? What types of rights do they get? |
- Mangol
-Tibetan - language rights, education curriculum and legislative seats |
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What are some advantages to authority rule? |
promotes stability and policy continuity |
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what groups of terrorism have existed in GB in the last twenty years and what legislation has been promoted to prevent it? |
Islamic terrorists- want stopping support of GB in Israel IRA- want withdrawal from Ireland have prevented it by funding anti-terrorism, soldiers leaving land |
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what groups of terror exist in Nigeria and what are their goals? what actions have been taken against them? |
Al-Qaeda- want Islamic state ask for government support |
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Issues in Nigeria in 2015 |
many suicide bombers election of Muhammadu Buhari Boko Haram terrorists |
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Things that happened in China in 2015 |
1. building airstrips and military installations on the newly formed islands. The United Statestakes no position on the merits of China’s claims in the South China Sea. But the U.S. insists China’s claim that the 12-mile zone around these new islands constitutes its territorial waters has no basis in international law. 2. -devalued its currency, variously called the yuan or renminbi, against the dollar. -bring the yuan in line with its market value -sign that the Chinese economy was slowing down faster than reported |
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Things that happened in Russia in 2015 |
climate change deal a bomb brought down a Russian passenger airliner over the Sinai, killing all 224 people on board. |
