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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is federalism?
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Two or more levels of government that have control over the same area and people.
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How common is federalism?
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Very rare, 11/190 countries operate under it.
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What are most governments?
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Unitary governments.
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Where is most of the power in unitary governments?
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It is all in the central government.
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Are states unitary?
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Yes.
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What is a confederation?
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A type of government where all the power is invested in the states.
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What is an example of a confederation?
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The United Nations or The Articles of Confederation.
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What are intergovernmental relations?
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Interactions among national, state, and local organizations.
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What does federalism do?
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Decentralizes politics and policies.
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Why does this happen?
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More opportunities for political participation, more judicial power.
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What are states responsible for?
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Social, family and moral issues.
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Is federalism in the Constitution?
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No, it was never mentioned.
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What does the supremacy clause state?
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The Constitution, laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land.
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What does the 10th amendment do?
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Allows states powers that are not reserved to the national government.
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What did McCulloh v. Maryland reveal?
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Implied powers and the elastic clause.
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What was the outcome of Gibbons v. Ogden?
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Gave Congress the power to regulate commerce.
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What does the full faith and credit clause say?
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All official documents must be recognized in every state.
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What is a recent exception to the full faith and credit clause?
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Same-sex marriages (Defense of Marriage Act).
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What is extradition?
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A criminal must be returned to the state where the crime was committed.
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What is priviliges and immunities?
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Citizens of each state have priviliges that are the same as citizens in other states.
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What are some exceptions to prvileges and immunities?
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College, voting, taxes on hotel rooms in tourist areas.
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How has the government shifted in the past 200 years?
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From dual to coorporative federalism.
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What is dual federalism?
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National and state governments remain within their own spheres.
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What is an analogy for dual federalism?
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Layered cake.
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What is coorparative federalism?
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Powers are shared between the state and national governments.
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What is an analogy for cooporative federalism?
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Marble cake.
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What are the three standard operating procedures?
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Shared costs, federal guidelines and shared administration.
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What is fiscal federalism?
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The pattern of taxing, spending and funding.
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What are grants-in-aid?
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Federal funds given to state and local governments.
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What are categorical grants?
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Grants that are used for specific purposes; main source of grants.
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What are the two types of categorical grants?
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Project grants (applications required) and formula grants (made by Congress).
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What are cross-over sanctions?
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Using federal dollars in one program to influence policy in another.
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What are cross-cutting requirements?
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A condition on one grant is extended to all activities supported by federal funds.
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What is an example of a cross-over sanction?
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Stopping funding for highways if states do not raise the drinking age to 21.
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What is an example of a cross-cutting requirement?
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Title VI.
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What are block grants?
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Grants given automatically to states.
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Why are block grants more popular than categorical grants?
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Less paperwork than categorical grants and can be used for anything.
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What is the problem with block grants?
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Lots of mandates involved with block grants.
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What are the advantages of federalism for democracy?
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Increased access to government, increased responsiveness from government, less conflict in government.
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What are the disadvantages of federalism for democracy?
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States differ in resources, diversity, local interests thwart national policies.
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