A&p Final Study Guide

Front 1

a fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the

Back 1

diaphysis

Front 2

endosteum can be found

Back 2

lining the medullary cavity

Front 3

muscle tendon fibers attach to bone by interlacing with

Back 3

periosteum

Front 4

the organic matrix of bone consists of

Back 4

all of the above (collagenous fibers, protein, polysaccharides)

Front 5

in bone formation the cells that produce the organic matrix are

Back 5

osteoblasts

Front 6

the cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called

Back 6

osteocytes

Front 7

which of the following is not one of the primary functions performed by bones

Back 7

hormonal production

Front 8

the cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are

Back 8

endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Front 9

the osteon or haversian system

Back 9

delivers nutrition to and removes products from bone cells

Front 10

in intramembranous ossification the process of appositional growth refers to the

Back 10

addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones

Front 11

hematopoiesis is carried out in the

Back 11

red bone marrow

Front 12

the primary ossification center of a long bone is located

Back 12

in the diaphysis

Front 13

the major purpose of the epiphyseal plate is

Back 13

lengthening long bones

Front 14

the first step in healing a fracture is

Back 14

the formation of a fracture hematoma

Front 15

normally bone loss will begin to exceed bone gaining between the ages of

Back 15

35 and 40

Front 16

in bone growth the medullary cavity is enlarged because of the activity of

Back 16

osteoclasts

Front 17

the most abundant type of cartilage is

Back 17

hyaline

Front 18

the form of the external ear is composed of

Back 18

elastic cartilage

Front 19

which is not a part of the axial skeleton

Back 19

clavicle

Front 20

which is not part of the appendicular skeleton

Back 20

parietal bones

Front 21

the axial skeleton consists of ___ bones

Back 21

80

Front 22

the appendicular skeleton consists of ____ bones

Back 22

126

Front 23

the term sinus as it relates to bone markings can be defined as a

Back 23

cavity within a bone

Front 24

which bone is a part of the axial skeleton

Back 24

rib

Front 25

which bone is a part of the appendicular skeleton

Back 25

scapula

Front 26

which suture is between the occipital and parietal bones

Back 26

lambdoid

Front 27

mastoiditis is the inflammation of a sinus within which bones

Back 27

temporal

Front 28

which skull bone articulates with the first vertebra

Back 28

occipital

Front 29

the upper parts of the nasal septum and the side walls of the nasal cavity are formed by which bones

Back 29

ethmoid

Front 30

which of the following is a true statement

Back 30

the ethmoid is an irregular bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid but posterior to the nasal bones

Front 31

which of the following bones does not articulate with the maxillae

Back 31

mandible

Front 32

if the cribriform plate is damaged there is a chance of q

Back 32

infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain

Front 33

a fontanel can best be described as an

Back 33

unossified area in the infant skull

Front 34

the upper part of the sternum is called the

Back 34

manubrium

Front 35

the skeletal framework of the neck consists of ___ vertebrae

Back 35

cervical

Front 36

the number of thoracic vertebrae is

Back 36

12

Front 37

the number of true pairs of ribs in the body is

Back 37

7

Front 38

the trochlea and capitulum can be described as

Back 38

distal portions of the humerus

Front 39

the human hand has greater dexterity than the forepaw of any animal because of the

Back 39

freely movable joint of the thumb

Front 40

the ulna articulates proximally with the

Back 40

humerus

Front 41

metacarpal bones form the framework of teh

Back 41

hand

Front 42

the pisiform bone can be found in the

Back 42

wrist

Front 43

the structure above the pelvic inlet which is bordered by muscle in the front and bone along the sides and back is called the

Back 43

false pelvis

Front 44

the anterior of the pelvic girdle is formed by the

Back 44

pubis

Front 45

during childbirth a baby passes through an imaginary plane called the

Back 45

pelvic outlet

Front 46

the longest and heaviest bone in the body is the

Back 46

femur

Front 47

a person with a fractured patella would expect discomfort in the

Back 47

knee

Front 48

which of the following is not a tarsal bone

Back 48

scaphoid

Front 49

which of the following is not true

Back 49

all of the above are true (the pubic arch in the male is less than a 90 degree angle, the pelvic cavity is narrower in the male than in the female, the coccyx is less flexible in the male)

Front 50

going form proximal to distal the bones of the upper extremity are

Back 50

humerus, radius, carpals, metacarpals

Front 51

which of the following is a true statement

Back 51

the structural classification of joints centers around the type of connective tissue that joins the bones together

Front 52

which of the following is not an example of a fibrous joint

Back 52

sympheses

Front 53

what are the unique joints that occur between the root of a tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxillae

Back 53

gomphoses

Front 54

what are the most movable joints in the body

Back 54

synovial

Front 55

in terms of structure which type of articulation has a joint capsule

Back 55

synovial

Front 56

in terms of function which is considered an immovable joint

Back 56

synarthrosis

Front 57

a condyloid joint is an example of a _____ joint

Back 57

biaxial

Front 58

which joint allows for the widest range of movement

Back 58

ball and socket

Front 59

the pads of fibrocartilage located between the articulating ends of bones in some diarthroses are called

Back 59

menisci

Front 60

menisci are

Back 60

fibrocartilage pads

Front 61

an example of a hinge joint are the

Back 61

interphalangeal joints

Front 62

the knee joint is an example of a _______ joint

Back 62

hinge

Front 63

an example of a pivot joint is

Back 63

the head of the radius articulating with the ulna

Front 64

the distal end of the radius articulating with the carpal bones in an example of a ______ joint

Back 64

condyloid (ellipsoidal)

Front 65

which of the following is an example of a biaxial joint

Back 65

condyloid

Front 66

a gliding joint is an example of a

Back 66

multiaxial

Front 67

which joint allows for the most movement

Back 67

ball and socket

Front 68

skeletal muscles constitute approximately _____ of our body weight

Back 68

50%

Front 69

the connective tissue sheath that envelopes bundles of muscle fibers is the

Back 69

perimysium

Front 70

the covering of individual muscle fibers is the

Back 70

endomysium

Front 71

groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the

Back 71

perimysium

Front 72

an aponeurosis could be described as

Back 72

flat sheet of connective tissue connecting muscle to other structures

Front 73

muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called

Back 73

both a and b (synergists, fixators)

Front 74

which of the following is not a component of a lever system

Back 74

fixator

Front 75

the type of lever arrangement in which the pull is exerted between the fulcrum and resistance or weight to be moved is a _____-class lever

Back 75

third

Front 76

muscles may be named according to

Back 76

all of the above (function, direction of fibers, points of attachment)

Front 77

the sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its

Back 77

points of attachment

Front 78

a muscle that assists with mastication is the

Back 78

masseter

Front 79

the muscle that draws the eyebrows together producing vertical wrinkles above the nose is called

Back 79

corrugator supercilli

Front 80

which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane

Back 80

transverse abdominis

Front 81

which of the following muscles functions to protect the abdominal viscera

Back 81

all of the above (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis)

Front 82

which muscles form most of the pelvic floor

Back 82

levator ani

Front 83

purposeful movement is determined by

Back 83

all of the above (relationship of muscles to joints, how muscles are attached to the skeleton, the manner in which muscles are grouped)

Front 84

which fibrous connective tissue structures have a lining of synovial membrane

Back 84

tendon sheaths

Front 85

which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm

Back 85

trapezius

Front 86

all of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the

Back 86

deltoid

Front 87

the teres major and teres minor muscles move the

Back 87

arm

Front 88

the muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the

Back 88

opponens pollicis

Front 89

the muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the

Back 89

trapezius

Front 90

the muscle that extends and adducts the arm is

Back 90

latissimus dorsi

Front 91

the posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the

Back 91

triceps brachii

Front 92

the muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the

Back 92

brachioradialis

Front 93

muscles that move the upper arm originate on teh

Back 93

clavicle and scapula

Front 94

in pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized

Back 94

biceps brachii

Front 95

the muscles assisting in rotating the arm outward is the

Back 95

teres minor

Front 96

the action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm

Back 96

flex

Front 97

th3e flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the

Back 97

anterior medial surface of the forearm

Front 98

which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh

Back 98

sarcospinalis

Front 99

which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group

Back 99

biceps femoris

Front 100

when an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group the injury is on the

Back 100

posterior thigh

Front 101

Which of the following is not a function of muscles

Back 101

storage

Front 102

The muscles ability to stretch or extend and to return to its resting length is called

Back 102

extensibility

Front 103

The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the

Back 103

sarcomere

Front 104

Which structure allows the electrical signals to travel along the sarcolemma and move deeper into the cell

Back 104

Transverse tubules

Front 105

The four kinds of protein that make up myofilaments are

Back 105

myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin

Front 106

According to the sliding filament theory

Back 106

Actin moves past myosin

Front 107

The energy required for muscular contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of

Back 107

ATP

Front 108

Anaerobic respiration results in the formation of an incompletely catabolized molecule called

Back 108

lactic acid

Front 109

The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the

Back 109

Threshold stimulus

Front 110

Three phases of twitch contraction are the

Back 110

latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase

Front 111

Repeated stimulation of muscle in time lessens its excitability and contractibility and may result in

Back 111

fatigue

Front 112

Central nervous system consists of

Back 112

brain and spinal cord

Front 113

Sympathetic division produces the

Back 113

fight or flight response

Front 114

Efferent nervous system consists of all

Back 114

outgoing motor pathways

Front 115

What has the ability of phagocytosis

Back 115

Microglia

Front 116

What helps to form the blood–brain barrier

Back 116

Astrocyte

Front 117

What produces the fatty myelin sheath in the PNS

Back 117

Schwann cell

Front 118

What is the largest and most numerous of the neuroglial cells

Back 118

Astrocyte

Front 119

What produces the myelin sheath in the CNS

Back 119

Oligodendrocyte

Front 120

What type of neuroglia that forms the neurilemmal

Back 120

Schwann cell

Front 121

What is called the "star cell"

Back 121

Astrocyte

Front 122

The disorder of this cell is associated with multiple sclerosis

Back 122

Oligodendrocyte

Front 123

What are classified as nerve fibers

Back 123

Axon and dendrites

Front 124

What conducts impulses toward the cell body

Back 124

Dendrites

Front 125

A neuron with one axon and several dendrites is a

Back 125

Multipolar neuron

Front 126

Which type of neuron lies entirely within the CNS

Back 126

Interneuron