Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 primary tissues
|
Epithelial
Connective Nervous Muscle |
|
Epithelial tissue
|
Covering, lining & glandular tissue of body
|
|
Functions of epithelial tissue
|
Protection
Absorption Excretion Filtration Secretion Sensory reception |
|
Characteristics of epithelial tissue
|
Specialized contacts
Polarity Avascularity Support from connective tissue High regenerative capacity |
|
Simple vs stratified epithelial
|
Simple -1 layer
Stratified- 2+ layers |
|
3 cell shapes
|
Squamous
Cuboidal Columnar |
|
Simple squamous epithelium
|
Walls of air sacs of lungs
Lines blood vessels |
|
Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
|
Glands
Kidney tubules |
|
Simple columnar epithelial tissue
|
Lines most of digestive tract
|
|
Pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue
|
Lines upper respiratory tract
|
|
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
|
Esophagus & vagina
Resist abrasion Keratinized form forms skin epidermis |
|
Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue
|
Rare
Large glands |
|
Transitional epithelial tissue
|
Modified stratisfied squamous
Hollow urinary organs Stretchable |
|
Gland
|
One or more cells specialized to secrete a product
|
|
Exocrine glands
|
Release outside cell
|
|
Endocrine glands
|
Release into cell
|
|
Connective tissue
|
Most abundant & widely distributed tissue in body
|
|
Connective tissue functions
|
Binding & support
Protection Insulation Fat storage Transportation (blood) |
|
Characteristics of connective tissue
|
Originate from mesenchyme
Have matrix Varying degrees of vascularity |
|
-blast
|
Mateix secreting
|
|
-cyte
|
Mature cell
|
|
Chondroblast
|
Fibroblast of cartilage
|
|
Osteoblast
|
Fibroblast of bone
|
|
Loose connective tissues
|
Areolar
Adipose Reticular |
|
Areolar connective tissue
|
Soft packaging around organs
|
|
Adipose
Loose connective tissue |
Insulates & protects body organs
Reserve fuel |
|
Reticular
Loose connective tissue |
Lymphoid organsbone marriw
|
|
Types of dense connective tissue
|
Dense regular
Dense irregular Cartilage Bone Blood |
|
Dense regular connective tissue
|
High tensile strength
Tendons & ligaments |
|
Dense irregular connective tissue
|
Resust tension from many anglrs
Dermis of skin Organ capsules |
|
3 types of cartilage
|
Hyaline - fetal skeleton, articular surfaces of bones, trachea
Elastic - ear & epiglottis Finrocartilage- intervertebral discs & knee |
|
Osseous tissue
|
Bone
Skeleton |
|
Types Of muscle tissue
|
Skeletal
Cardiac Smooth |
|
Skeletal muscle
|
Movrs skeleton
Striated & cylindrical cells |
|
Cardiac muscle
|
Walls of heart
Pumps blood Cells are branched & striated |
|
Smooth muscle
|
Walls of hollow organs
Propel substances through organs Spindle shaped non-striated cells |
|
Nervous tissue
|
Forms organs of nervous system
|
|
Two types of tissue repair
|
Regeneration
Fibrosis |
|
Steps in tissue repair
|
Blood clots
Clot replaced with granulation tissue If mitotic, tissue regenerates If too damaged, only replaced with fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue) |
|
2 layers of skin
|
Epidermis
Dermis |
|
Characteristics of epidermis
|
Avascular
Keratinized Stratified squamous |
|
Layers of the epidermis
|
Stratum corneum
Granulosome Spinosum Basale |
|
Stratum lucindum
|
Only in thick skin
|
|
Where new cells for epidermal growth
|
Stratum basale
|
|
Dermis is composed of
|
Dense irregular connective tissue
Glands, hair follicles, cutaneous receptors reside in dermis |
|
2 layers of dermis
|
Papillary
Reticular |
|
Papillary layer of dermis contains
|
Dermal ridges
With epidermis ridges form fingerprints |
|
Reticular layer of dermis contains
|
Deeper layer of dermis
Contains dense interwoven connective tissue fibers |
|
Appendages of skin
|
Hair
Hair follicles Nails Glands (sweat & subaceous) |
|
Composition of hair
|
Central medulla
Cortex Outer cuticle Root Shaft |
|
Sweat glands
|
Sudoriferous glands
Eccrine sweat glands - thermoregukarion Appocrine sweat glands- scent glands under arms & genital regions |
|
Subaceous glands
|
Oil glands
Everywhere except palms & soles Simple alveolar glands Produce eccrine secretion called sebum Usually empty onto hair follicles |
|
Functions of integumentary system
|
1. Protection
2. Body temp regulation. 3. Cutaneous sensation 4. Metabolic functions (vit D) 5. Blood resevoir 6. Excretion |
|
3 types of skin cancer
|
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma - most dangerous |
|
Biggest threat from burns
|
Dehydration
Secondary bacterial infection |
|
Degrees of burn
|
1st- epidermis red
2nd epidermis red with blisters 3rd epidermis & dermis |
|
Epidermis develops from
|
Embryonic ectoderm
|
|
Vellus hair vs terminal hair
|
Vellus - soft hair of newborn
Terminal- adult hair |
|
4 types of bones
|
Flat
Short Long Irregular |
|
Flat bone composition
|
Two thin layers of compact bone surrounding a spongy layer
Short & irregular bones resemble flat bones structurally |
|
Long bones have 2 parts
|
Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis (ends) |
|
Diaphysis contains
|
Medullary cavity containing yellow marrow
|
|
Epiphyseal line
|
Remnant of epiphyseal plate from childhood
|
|
Periosteum
|
Covers diaphysis
|
|
Endosteum
|
Lines inner bone cavities
|
|
Covers joint surfaces
|
Hyaline cartilage
|
|
Hematopoeitic tissue found where
|
In adults - in diploe of flat bones & sometimes epiphysis of long bones
In infants- in medullary cavity |
|
5 types of bone cells
|
Osteogenic cells
Osteocytes ( bone maintenance) Bone lining cells Osteoclasts (bone destroying cells) Osteobladts ( bone building cells) |
|
Structural unit of compact bone
|
Osteon
|
|
Lamallae
|
Circles of bone matrix surrounding central canal
|
|
Canniculi
|
Connect osteocytes on lacunae to eachh other & centeal canal
|
|
Osteoid
|
Organic substances excreted by osteoblats that give bone its yensile strength
|
|
Inorganic bone components
|
Hydroxyapatite (calcium salts)
Make bone hard |
|
Intramembranous ossification
|
Forms clavicles & most skull bones
Ground substance of bone matrix secreted within fibrous membrane to form bone. |
|
Endichondryl ossification
|
Osteobladts secrete matrix forming bone collar
Periosteal bud appears |
|
Interstitial growth
|
Increase in length along epiphyseal plate
|
|
Appositional growth
|
Increases bone diameter
|
|
Pth
|
Released when blood calcium levels are low
Osteoclasts digest bone matrix & release into blood; raising blood calcium levels |
|
Steps in bone repair
|
Hematoma
Fibrocsrtillage callus Bony callus Bone remodeling |
|
Osteomalacia & rickets
|
Poor bone mineralization
Inafequate bit D |
|
Osteoporosis
|
Any condition where. Bone breakdown outpaces bone grrowth
|
|
Pagets disease
|
Excessive & abnormal bone remodeling
|