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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Found in aveoli air sacs, and lumen of blood vessels. |
Simple squamous epithelium |
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The 4 primary types of tissue in human body. |
Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle |
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Nonkeritinized stratified squamous is found... |
Body openings like the oral cavity, vagina, and anus. |
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keratinized stratified squamous is found... |
Epidermis of skin |
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar is found... |
Lines upper respiratory tract |
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Transitional |
Lining of urinary bladder, ureters and part of the urethra |
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The 2 categories of Connective Tissue Proper are......connective tissue and.....connective tissue |
loose;dense |
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Serous membranes are composed of 2 parts; a ....layer that lines the body cavity, and a....layer that covers organs. |
parietal;visceral |
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The simple squamous epithelium that lines blood vessels is called.... |
endothelium |
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Functions of muscle tissue include... |
Involubtary movements of body organs, voluntary movements of body parts, propulsion of materials through digestive tract |
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General function of epithelial tissue... |
covers surface and lines body cavities and organs |
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General function of connective tissue |
protects, binds together, and supports organs |
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Genarl function of Muscle tissue |
facilitates movement |
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General function of Nervous Tissue |
controls activities, processes information |
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Red blood cells are called |
erythocytes |
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Lines body cavities, covers body surfaces, lines many organs, covers many organs |
Epithelial tissue |
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Which type of epithelial is made of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane but not all cells reach the apical surface of the epithelium? |
Pseudostratified |
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Function of tendons |
Attach muscle to bones |
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What is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte? |
zygote |
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What describes how epithelial tissues heal themselves?? |
High Regenerative Capacity |
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Keratinized stratified squamous epithilial tissue is located? |
Epidermis of skin |
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The....epithelium contains two or more layers of epthelial cells |
stratified epithelium |
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Walls of blood vessels, wall of stomach, wall of urinary bladder |
Locations of smooth muscle tissue |
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transport o2 and CO2 betweenlunfs and body tissues |
erythrocytes |
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function of leukocytes |
immunity |
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Purpose of glial cells |
support and protect |
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Most commontype of cartilage |
Hyaline cartilage |
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In the nose, at the end of long bones, in the fetal skeleton, in costal cartilages.... |
Hyaline cartilage |
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Found on spongy bone and responsible for producing blood cells... |
hemopoietic |
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Collagen fibers are tightly packed and alligned paralled to an applied force |
Dense regular connective tissue |
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Cells of cartilage are called |
chondrocytes |
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strong and flexible, "cable-like", appear in white fresh tissue, and they resist stretching. |
Characteristics of collagen fibers |
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Exposed to surface or lumen |
apical |
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Its is striated, multinucleated, and voluntary |
Characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue |
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Found in areas likely to be subjected to abrasive activities and mechanical stress. |
Stratified epithelium |
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Locations of areolar connective tissue |
Surrounding nerves, subcutaneous layer of skin, and surrounding blood vessels |
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They line joints of skeletal system, it secretes a lubricating fluid, and it is well vascularized |
synovial membranes |
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sacs that produce secretions of multicellular exocrine glands |
acini |
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Functions of bone |
stores calcium and phosphorus, provides levers for movement, carries out hemopoiesis, and protects vital organs |
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Contain protein collagen ad are thinner than collagen fibers... |
Reticular fibers |
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It lines bloood vessels, and it allows for diffusion and osmosis across surface |
Simple squamous epithelial tissue |
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nonkeratinized stratified squamous are found where? |
oral cavity of mouth, part of pahrynx(throat), esophagous, vagina, anus |
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simple cuboidal can be found where? |
ducts of most glands and kidney tubules |
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Connective tissue found in the umbilical cord only. |
Mucous connective tissue |
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It is part of the extracellular matrix, it can be fluid, semisolid, or solid, it consists of proteins, carbs, and water |
Ground substance of connective tissues |
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Lining of larynx is lined by what? |
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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This type of exocrine gland produces sweat, milk, tears, and digestive juices. |
Serous glands |
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Skin is composed of what two main layers? |
Epidermis and Dermis |
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Integument is composed to two main layers. |
layer of stratified squamous epithelium(epidermis) layer of dense irregular connective tissue(dermis) |
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A major concern with third degree burns is |
dehydration |
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In the second step in wound healing....occurs |
Blood clotting |
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Acts as energy resevoir Provides thermal insulation Pads & Protects the body |
Functions of subcuteaneous layer |
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Epidermal Strata layer order from superior to lateral. |
Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale |
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Hair on eyebrows, eyelashes, coarser, and pubic region. |
Terminal hair |
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Which layer of the integument has a small population of immune cells? |
Stratum spinosum |
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Delivery of drugs through a patch is//// |
Transdermal administration |
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Apocrine glands are located... |
axillary, anal, areolar, and pubic regions |
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Three type of hair we produce in our lives? |
Lanugo, Vellus, Terminal hair |
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The actively growin part of the nail? |
Nail matrix |
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Normal skin color comes from a combination of... |
hemoglobin, melanin, carotene |
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Functions of cuboidal epithelial cell |
absorption, secretion, and protection |
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What is the size of a human cell? |
one ten-thousandth of a centimeter |
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the components of the cytoplasm? |
cytosol organelles inclusions |
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Interstitial fluid is less concentrated than cytosol? |
Hypotonic |
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Interstitial fluid is more concentrated than cytosol? |
Hypertonic |
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2 Passive Processes |
Diffusion(simple/facilitated) Osmosis |
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Movement is facilitated by channels accross the plasma membrane |
Channel-mediated |
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Small (polr) molecule movement is facilitated by protein carriers accross the plasma membrane. |
Carrier-mediated |
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Vesicular Transport is what type of membranetransport? |
Active Process |
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Which membrane transport has pumps powered directly by splitting an ATP molecule? |
Primary Active Transport |
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Which transport is where pumps are powered by energy harnessed as a second substance moves thru a channel down a concentration gradient? |
Secondary Active Transport |
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When 2 substances are moved in the same direction? |
Symport |
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Two substances are moved in opposite directions? |
Antiport |
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Movement of a large substance into a cell |
Phagocytosis |
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Movement of a fluid into a cell? |
Pinocytosis |
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Movement of a specific substance into a cell following the binding of the substance to a receptor? |
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis |
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An example of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium? |
phagocytosis |
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.......proteins work to move material across plasma membrane. |
Proteins |
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.........proteins move ions through a water-filled pore. |
Channel |
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Vesicular transport is referred to AS... |
Bulk transport |
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.....is a process by which receptors are actively removed from the plasma membrane via clathrin coated vesicles? |
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis |
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A ribosome is what kind of organelle? |
Non-membrane bound |
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Tumors involve a malfunction in what cellular process? |
Mitosis
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During what mitosis phase, does chromatin coil to form chromosomes, the nuclear membrane disappears, the nucleus dissolves, spindle fibers form, and centrioles migrate to poles? |
Prophase |
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Increases surface area for greater absorbtion |
Microvilli |
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Functions in synthesis of ribosomes |
Nucleolous |
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Responsible for many cellular processes |
Cytoplasm |
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Carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell |
Organelles |
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Modifies, transports, and stores proteins produced by attatched ribosomes. |
Rough ER |
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Synthesizes, transports, and stores lipids; metabolizes carbs; detoxifies drugs, alcohol, and poisons |
Smooth ER |
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Secretes proteins that become components of the plasma membrane, or serve as enzymes of lysosomes. |
Rough ER |
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Forms vesicles and peroxisomes |
Smooth ER |
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Viscous fluid medium containing various solutes |
Cytosol |
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Modifies, packages, and sorts materials that arrive from the ER in transport vesicles |
Golgi apparatus |
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Forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes |
Golgi Apparatus |
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Contain digestive enzymes |
Lysosomes |
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Digest microbes or materials ingested by the cell, worn-out cellular components or the entire cell |
Lysosomes |
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Detoxify specific harmful substances either produced by the cell or taken into the cell |
Peroxisomes |
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Synthesizemost ATP durinf aerobic cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules in the presence of oxygen |
Mitochondria |
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Engage in protein synthesis |
Ribosomes |
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Organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules, including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules |
Cytoskeleton |
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3 Examples of inclusions |
Melanin, glycogen, or lipids |
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Functions include detoxification and Beta oxidation... |
Peroxisomes |
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Function is energy harvesting.... |
Mitochondria |
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Function is protein syhtesizing |
Ribosomes |
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Functions include modification, packaging, sorting, transport, and structure formation.... |
Golgi Apparatus |
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Functions are organization and cell division |
Centrosomes & Centrioles |
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Functions include protein digestion, and quaility assurance |
Proteasomes |
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Prevent intercellular leakage by attatching each cell to its neighboring cell via proteins. Forcing all substances to move "through" the cell. ex. leakage of urine thru wall |
Tight junctions |
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Coonect cells together and anchor the cell to the basement membrane. Provides resistance to mechanical stress |
Desmosomes |
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Form within the intercellular space of neighboring cells and house fluid-filled tunnels that act as passageways for substance transport between cells... |
Gap Junctions |
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Transcription occurs in the... |
Nucleus |
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Translation occurs in the... |
cytoplasm |
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Order of cell mitosis cycle |
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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Whats happens in G1, S, and G2 Phases? |
G1(growth, S(DNA replication/growth), G2(growth) |
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In what cell stage does the nuclear envelope break down, chromosomes appear |
Prophase |
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Uses a beam of electrons to scan a surface and produce a 3-d surface topography image |
Scanning Electron Microscope |
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uses an electron beam to transpose a 2d translucent image of a "thin-sliced" section of a specimen on a screen, |
TEM-Transmission Electron Microscope |
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Humans have how many cells? |
75 trillion cells |
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The ER, Golgi Apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitochondria are all... |
Membrane-bound organelles |
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Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome, and proteasomes are all... |
Non-membrane bound organelles |
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Molecules not enclosed by a membrane are called... |
Inclusions |
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The "balloon-like"..........component attatched to the ...........tails form the outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer |
Hydrophilic; hydrophobic |
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Proteins of the phospholipid bilayer are structurally classified as either..... |
Integral or peripheral |
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Proteins that span accross the width of the phospholipid bilayer.... |
Integral proteins |
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Gycoproteins are a type of....protein in which an attached carb is surrounded by interstitial fluid. |
Integral |
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Proteins attached to both internal and external portions of the integral proteins. |
Peripheral Proteins |
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Occurs when a substance moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration |
Diffusion |
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During cell diffusion......molecules squeeze between phopholipid molecules of the plasma membrane from a higher to a lower concentration |
Non-polar |
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Requires the assistance of a plasma protein in order to cross the plasma membrane |
Facilitated diffusion |
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Charged.....solutes unassisted by plasma membrane proteins will be obstructed from entering the cell by the nonpolar phospholipid bilayer. |
Polar |
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....occurs when small, polar molecules such as simple sugars and amino acids are assisted by carrier proteins in crossing the plasma membrane. |
Carrier-mediated difffusion |
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...is where a cell's volume and pressure changes based on osmosis |
tonicity |
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...requires energy from ATP to move solutes against concentration gradient acccross the plasma membrane. |
Active transport |
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...adds a phosphate group to a transport protein in order to change the protein's shape and movement. |
Primary sctive transport |
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An ion pumo whereby one type of ion is moved into the cell against its concentration gradient while another type of ion is moved out of the cell against its concentrationgradient. |
Sodium-potassium pump |