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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Isotopes |
Two or more forms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons. |
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Histology |
The study of tissues |
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Structural and functional organizations of all living things? starting from smallest or most basic to largest or most advanced |
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Integumentary System |
Consists of skin, nails, hair, glands, and sense organs. Responsible for protecting the body from external factors, excrete waste products, vitamin D production, body temperature regulation. |
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Endocrine System |
Consists of cells, tissues, glands, organs, and hormones. Responsible for production, storage, and secretion of hormones via the circulatory system to regulate bodily function. Long term regulation of homeostasis |
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Lymphatic System |
Consists of lymph, lymphatic vessels, cells, and organs. Responsible for the return of lymphatic fluids back to circulation, plays a role in development of immune cells (lymphocytes), and cleanses the body of pathogens, as well as the absorption of lipids. |
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Electrolytes |
Solutions made by the dissociation of cations (+) and anions (-) in water. |
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Nonelectrolytes |
Solutions made by molecules that dissolve in water, but do not dissociate; do not conduct electricity |
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Redox reactions |
Refers to reaction in which one substance loses an electron and another gains an electron |
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Oxidation |
Loss of an electron by a substance |
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Reduction |
gain of an electron by a substance |
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Negative Feedback |
A mechanism of the body that is meant to maintain homeostasis. Any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted |
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Positive Feedback |
Mechanism that occurs when a response to the original stimulus results in the deviation from the set point to becoming even greater. This response is more dangerous than the counterpart. |
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Feedback system receptor? |
Monitors the value of a variable |
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Feedback system Control Center? |
Receives information about the variable from the receptor, establishes the set point, and controls the effector |
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Effector |
Produces responses that change the value of the variable |
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Stimulus |
A changed variable within the body, that initiates a homeostatic mechanism |
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Major organs in the Right Upper Quadrant? |
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Major organs in the Left Upper Quadrant? |
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Major organs in the Right Lower Quadrant? |
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Major Organs in the Left Lower Quadrant? |
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Atomic Number |
A number that is equal to the number of protons in each atom, which is equal to the number of electrons. |
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Monosaccharides |
Type of carbohydrate which consists of simple sugars. Ex: glucose, fructose, and galactose |
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Disaccharides |
Type of carbohydrate which consists of two simple sugars bound together by dehydration |
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polysaccharides |
Long chains of many monosaccharides, which serve as storage molecules for monosaccharides and form part of cell surface markers. Examples: Starch and cellulose |
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Disaccharides examples? |
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Monomers of Carbohydrates? |
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Monomers of Lipids? |
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Monomers of Proteins? |
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Monomers of Nucleic Acids? |
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Enzymes |
Lower the activation energy necessary for a reaction to occur; bring reactants into close proximity. |
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Cofactors |
Form part of the enzyme's active site and are required to make the enzyme functional. |
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Coenzymes |
Cofactors that are organic molecules |
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Cholesterol |
A type of steroid molecule which is very important because other steroid molecules are synthesized from it. Ex: bile salts which increase fat absorption in the intestines are derived from cholesterol. Also an important component of plasma membranes. |
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Ligand Gated Ion Channel |
Ion channel in the plasma membrane that responds to small molecules that bind to proteins or glycoproteins.
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Voltage-gated Ion Channel |
Ion channel that opens when there is a change in charge across the plasma membrane. |
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Transporters |
Also called carrier proteins, are integral proteins that move ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other. |
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Uniporters |
Move one particle through the plasma membrane. |
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Symporters |
Move two particles in the same direction through the plasma membrane at the same time. |
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Antiporters |
Move two particles in opposite directions through the plasma membrane at the same time |
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Active Transport |
Transport of molecules across the plasma membrane that requires ATP |
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Secondary active Transport |
Movement of molecules across the plasma membrane that does not require ATP, but does rely on a secondary mechanism. |
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Diffusion |
Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration in solution. |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane such as a plasma membrane. |
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Isotonic |
No difference between concentration of solvents inside or outside of cell |
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Hypertonic |
Concentration of solvent is higher outside of cell, water leaves the cell, and cell shrinks (crenation) |
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Hypotonic |
Concentration of solvent is higher inside the cell, water enters the cell, cell swells in size, and eventually lyces |
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Cytosal |
Fluid portion of cytoplasm, contains dissolved molecules and colloid (proteins in water) |
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Chromatin |
DNA complexed with proteins |
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Chromosomes |
Pairs of chromatids |
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Cell Cycle |
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PMAT |
stands for the steps of Mitotic Phase
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Post transcriptional Processing |
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Components of the Plasma Membrane? |
Phospholipids and cholesterol. |
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What is sucrose made up of? |
Glucose and fructose |
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What does the PET scan use? |
Identifies the metabolic states of various tissues. Radioactively treated glucose is given to a patient, which then shows exactly which cells are metabolically active. |