Ap Euro Unit 3 Set 2

Front 1

Charles I

Back 1

(1600-1649)

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625-1649 until he was executed. He believed in the divine right of kings and was seen as too Catholic, leading to arguments with the Parliaments of his kingdoms. This led to the English Civil War between King Charles I and the Parliaments of England and Scotland, in which the former was executed.

Front 2

Charles II

Back 2

(1630-1685)

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660-1685. He attempted to gain power back from Parliament and was secretly planning to become Catholic. He wanted more religious equality, but allowed the Clarendon Code to reaffirm the strength of the Church of England.

Front 3

Arminianism

Back 3

Based on the teachings of Dutch philosopher Jacobus Arminius. Opposed the idea of predestination and believed in free will. Followers were called Remonstrants.

Front 4

William Laud

Back 4

(1573-1645)

Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633-1645. He opposed Puritans and Calvinists and was accused of being a Remonstrant/Arminian and favoring Roman-Catholic doctrine.

Front 5

English Civil War

Back 5

(1642-1651)

A collection of three conflicts in England between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads," supported the Parliament), and Royalists ("Cavaliers", supported King Charles I). After the war, Charles I was executed, Charles II was exiled, and the Monarchy was replaced by the Commonwealth of England (1649-1653) and the Protectorate (1653-1659) until Oliver Cromwell took control. The complete control of Church of England was challenged in the British Isles, and it was established that the king may not govern without the consent of Parliament.

Front 6

Roundheads

Back 6

The supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War, also called Parliamentarians. They fought against the Cavaliers and King Charles I. Their goal was to establish Parliament as the absolute power in executive administration. While most wanted constitutional monarchy at first, animosity with the king eventually grew to a point that allowed leaders to abolish the monarchy.

Front 7

Cavaliers

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The supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War, also called Royalists.They opposed the Roundheads and Parliament. They believed in the divine right to rule of the monarchy and wanted to preserve absolute monarchy.

Front 8

Church Ales

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Festive gatherings in England designed to raise money for the Church.

Front 9

Oliver Cromwell

Back 9

(1599-1658)

English statesman and general who led the Parliamentarian army during the English Civil War, which he won. After the war, he enacted harsh laws against the Catholics as an influential member of the Rump Parliament and eventually became Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He enacted an aggressive foreign policy as ruler. When the Royalists came back into power in 1660, they dug up his corpse, chained it, and beheaded it.

Front 10

New Model Army

Back 10

The Parliamentarian army in the English Civil War led by Oliver Cromwell. They were made of full-time professional soldiers and were prohibited from holding positions in the House of Commons or the House of Lords in order to ensure their separation from religious or political factions.

Front 11

Colonel Pride & Pride's Purge

Back 11

(xxxx-1658)

Thomas Pride was a commander of the New Model Army. He started Pride's Purge.

(December 1648)

Pride's Purge was an event in the English Civil War in which soldiers from the New Model Army, led by Thomas Pride, removed anyone who did not support the Grandees (senior military officers) of the New Model Army. It directly led to the execution of King Charles I. It is the first and only coup d'état in English history.

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Levellers

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A political movement during the English Civil War that demanded egalitarianism in the form of religious freedom, popular sovereignty, suffrage, and equality in the law. They had some support in London and the New Model Army. Unlike the Diggers, they opposed communal ownership. They supported parliamentary government with a constituency of male head of house, They were marginalized by those in power and became irrelevant by 1650.

Front 13

Diggers

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A more radical group than the Levellers, sometimes associated with Socialism. They attempted to reform the social hierarchy into smaller, egalitarian, agrarian, rural communities. They denied Parliament's authority and were repressed by Oliver Crowell.

Front 14

Titus Oates

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(1649-1705)

English conspiracy theorist. He fabricated the "Popish Plot", a Catholic plan to assassinate King Charles II. Eventually executed due to his perjuries. Pretty dumb tbh

Front 15

Gunpowder Plot

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(November 5th, 1605)

A plot to blow up the House of Lords and assassinate King James I in response to his unwillingness to grant greater religious tolerance to English Catholics.

Front 16

Commonwealth of England

Back 16

(1649-1660)

A period after the execution of Charles I in which England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales were ruled as a republic.

Front 17

Test Act

Back 17

(1673)

An act declaring that in order to hold public office, a candidate must take an oath disavowing transubstantiation. This prevented Catholics and Protestant nonconformists from holding office.

Front 18

Whigs

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(1678-1859)

The successors to the Parliamentarians. They fought for constitutional monarchy through the Parliament. They eventually overthrew King James in the Glorious Revolution (1688).

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Tories

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Successors to the Royalists. They supported King James II and his divine right to rule.

Front 20

William and Mary

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William (1650-1702) and Mary (1662-1694)

Joint rulers of England who ended James II's Catholic rule. Their appointment appeased the Protestants and Puritans of England. As rulers, they denied Catholics their rights. They signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689.

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Petition of Right

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(June 7, 1628)

A landmark legal document signed created by Parliament and signed by King Charles I. It disputed divine right to rule, made the king follow laws, and listed rights of subjects that the king was not allowed to infringe.

Front 22

Writ of Habeous Corpus

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Writ originating from the Assize of Clarendon. It allows Defendants to challenge the legality of their imprisonment.

Front 23

Protestant Winds

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(1588 or 1688)

The Protestant Winds may refer to two events. In 1588, the Protestant Winds allowed the Protestant English navy to defeat the Catholic Spanish Armada. In 1688, The Protestant Winds allowed the Protestant William of Orange to invade England when it was under the rule of Catholic King James II.

Front 24

Glorious Revolution

Back 24

(1688)

The overthrow of King James II by William of Orange and Parliamentarians in England. This allowed William of Orange to ascend to the throne with his wife, Queen Mary. They dealt harshly with Catholics. The monarch could not be Catholic or marry a Catholic, Catholics were not allowed to vote or hold a seat in the Westminster Parliament, and Catholics could not get a commission in the army.

Front 25

Bill of Rights

Back 25

(1689)

A bill signed by William and Mary that stated basic civil rights. It limited the power of the monarch, laid out the rights of both Parliament and subjects. After the bill has passed, no English monarch has held absolute power.

Front 26

John Locke

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(1632-1704)

English philosopher and Enlightenment thinker. He is considered the father of liberalism and influenced many of the founding documents of the United States.

Front 27

Dutch Estates General

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The part of the Netherland that deals with foreign affairs. They were influential across Europe.

Front 28

Stadholder

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The title given to those who carried out ceremonial activities in the Dutch provinces

Front 29

Rembrandt van Rijn

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(1606-1669)

Dutch artist during the Baroque era. His work came in the Dutch Golden Age and contributed to future genres of art.

Front 30

Act of Settlement

Back 30

(1701)

Decided who would take the English and Irish thrones since William & Mary and Mary's sister Anne had no surviving children, and all other members of House of Stuart were Catholic. The descendants of Electress Sophia of Hanover would control the crown. This led to the parliamentary union of England and Scotland in 1707.