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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Ptolimaic
geocentric, church's view of the universe (Earth as center)
Bad things decend and things get more perfect as you go out.
Macrokosmos
big shape
Copernicus
Heliocentric idea
sun as the center.
De Revolutionibus
Copernicus's book in Latin that had the sun as the center with circular orbits around it and was not published in his lifetime.
Brahe
Worked for Danish King
was the more famous
died of burst bladder(or mercury poisining(as and alchemist))
Kepler
worked for Danish King (Brahe's assistant?)
came up with 3 laws.
Kepler's 3 laws
1. orbits are eliptical
2. different speeds of planets going around sun
3. faster speeds when closer to the sun.
Galileo
in touch with Brahe and Kepler.
improved telescope
questioned aristotle's ideas.
EXPERIMENTATION!
supported copernican model.
house arrest and died
"Starry Messanger"
galileo's book stating that there were mountains on the moon and it wasn't perfect.
(found jupiter's moons and star clusters - other works)
Bacon
Lord chancellor in England
Writer on Science
did not see potential in math.
"Novum organum"
Bacon's book on theories through induction.
scientific method and recorded process.
"New Atlantis"
Bacon's book on a utopian governmet, governed by science.
Rene Descartes
math can describe universe.
geometry (cartesian)
Cartesian Dualism
"Cogito Ergo Sum"
"i think therefore i am"
what is real vs what is perceived.
Newton
3 laws:
1. action = reaction
2. rest = rest
3. motion = motion
Gravity = moving planets
Larger = more gravity
calculus (@ same time as Leibniz)
Montague
leader of skeptics in France
questioning beleifs and accepted traditions
critical thinker.
Thomas Hobbes
"Leviathan"
Absolutist governement(bad view of people in state of nature)
Social Contract: ruler gives order and receives Natural Rights
Secular justification of absolutism
Locke
more supportive of constitutional monarchy.
people are resonable and educable.
ruler gives natural rights and receives loyalty and good sense. (Conditional)
Enlightenment
light in dark closet/centered in France.
Philosophes
french for philosophers (in France during 1700's)
Voltaire
most influencial and most famous philosophes
Plea for Tolerance and Reason
Voltaire's work on tolerance, dogma, fanaticism, superstition, and war.
deist work.
Deism
God-ism - god created world and laws of nature and then set the world free.
Empiricism
beleif that knowledge is only attained through the senses and investigations of the senses.
Leibniz
"we are in the best of all worlds" (like pangloss)
Candide
satire of the world by Voltaire.
Diderot and D'alembert
made an encyclopedia full of opinion.
De montesquieu
was a baron who fought for the rights of nobles in France, arguing for a constitutional government with checks and balances.
Joseph II
an enlightened monarch.
the son of Maria theresa.
spread education and secularized chuch lands. equal taxation, made secret police to make sure reforms were carried out.
Frederich the Great
introduced religious toleration and was a very Englightened monarch.
Codefied laws and expanded (gaining silesia)
Codefying laws
written and accessible laws applied equally.
Catharine the Great
the englightened monarch of Russia.
established schools for girls, abolished torture and capital punishments, and attempted to get rid of serfdom.
also expanded into poland.
Grand Comission
Catharine's laws to reform.
Pugachev's rebellion
a rebelion of serfs who wanted better conditions but acted so unorganized and brutally that it convinced Catharine the Great that serfdom did not need to be abolished.
Maria Theresa
an Englightened monarch who nationalized/standardized/secularized education. she made an official language, more toleration, a better police force, and small, lasting changes.
Robot Patent
serfs make and keep more money. could only work limmited hours and life was easier for the church.
(by Maria Theresa)
Edict of Toleration
1781 for freedom for lutherans and calvinists.
promoted comerce and agriculture in the economy.
(By Maria Theresa)
Potemkin
was sent to impress Joseph II and erect a new village that was perfect.
Meritocracy
jobs go to people who deserve them and are not hereditary.
1801
act of union - UK of ireland and Great britain one.
John Wilkes
voted onto parliament but not given a seat until later.
made press cogerave a bigger deal and made it a public affair.
Edmund Burke
a conservative who said that Parliament should be proportional and should be independant from the monarch.
Thomas Paine
a critic of parliament who said that parties are essential (Whigs and Tories)