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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Denis Diderot (1713–1784)
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A French scholar who was the primary editor of the Encyclopédie, a massive collection of human knowledge in the arts and sciences.
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Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
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Started the English Enlightenment with his book Leviathan, in which he called for an all-powerful monarch to rule over the "evil" humans
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John Locke (1632–1704)
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English philosopher who believed in the good of humans and the political contract between the government and the people.
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Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)
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Architect of the checks-and-balances system of government, aristocrat who loved the Middle Ages
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)
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Wrote the Social Contract, in which he said that there should be an expression of a General Will; great influence on the French Revolution and future totalitarian governments
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Adam Smith (1723–1790)
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The father of economics who rejected mercantilism and promoted laissez-faire and the law of supply and demand
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Voltaire (1694–1778)
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A French writer and the primary satirist of the Enlightenment, who criticized religion and leading philosophies of the time; also promoted freedom of speech
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Enlightened Despots
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A secular outlook of kings who wanted to reform their country using reason and logic (e.g. Joseph II, Frederick the Great)
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Frederick the Great
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Prussian king who invaded Austria; ruled alone and made all of the important decisions based on reason and logic.
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Catherine the Great
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German princess who took over as the Russian queen after her husband died; tried to bring French influence to Russia and had to put down peasant revolts
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Edmund Burke
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Conservative politician who believed in landowning people governing strenuously opposed the French Revolution
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