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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the original goals of the Revolution?
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-Universal man suffrage,
-Eliminating social classes |
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Who was Sieyes?
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-Likes third estate
-Respecting rights of the lower classes -Made Coup détat with Napoleon, but flip-flops |
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Who was Edmund Burke?
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-Wrote Reflections on the Revolution
-Hated revolution, thought it was worse than French govs |
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How did Napoleon take power?
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-Wins a lot of battles, undefeated
-Becomes first concel (all-powerful ruler) |
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Napoleon: Centralized government
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-Coup détat
-Had control over taxation -Nepotism= makes his family a separate class -Makes an army (more for imperial wishes than protection) -Allows men of talent to take government -Surrounded himself with smart people who sucked up to him |
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Napoleon: Equality
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-Women= can't vote, harsher punishments, step back
-Slavery= tried to bring back in Haiti -Universal suffrage for men 21+ -Religious tolerance for Jews and non-believers -Equality in front of law -Abolished surfdom |
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What does Napoleon believe about sovereignty?
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Nation is sovereign, not himself
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Napoleon: Justice/Law
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-Random assassinations and arbitrary killings (above the law)
-Secret police, repression of political enemies, censorship with propaganda -Domestically France looks like a policed state -Justice comes from law, people voted for law (technically not illegal bc they gave him the power) -France is stable and no one rebels |
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Napoleon: Church
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-Uses it for himself, run by state
-Changes religion wherever he is -Took land from church during revolution Concordant of 1801 -Manipulates church |
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Napoleon: Education
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-Standardizes by financing science and fine arts
-More opportunities, more people prepared to be talented -Sees education to feed government -Creating active citizens -However, catered to rich |
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Napoleon: Economy
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-French decline with blockade
-Taxed everyone which was good -Kept church $ -Standardizing measures -Bank of France created -Built roads, internal developments |
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Napoleon: War
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-Continues war because he's power hungry
-Invades Russia= reckless, sacrificing France for himself -Yet people still united behind him |
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What was the Second Coalition?
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-Russia, GB, Austria, Portugal, Turkey
-Against France, Napoleon is just 1st Council -But fails because members sign separate peaces with France -Have disagreements over Poland |
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1802-3?
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-Napoleon controls Europe
-Keep conquering -1803 England declares war -Confederation of the Rhine made |
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What was the Third Coalition?
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-Against France, but also fighting over Poland
-Russia, Austria, Sweden, GB -Germany is still united by HRE but no protection -Dissolves in 1807 when Russians want to expand and Napoleon wouldn't give them trading rights -Napoleon has even more power |
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What was the Peace of Tilsit?
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Peace between Napoleon and Austrians
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What was the Continental System?
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-British have a superior navy
-Napoleon realizes he can't overcome them, so tries to shut down economy by blocking trade with Europe -But Russia and Prussia didn't want to participate and England has an international economy so it fails -Hurts France more than GB -Expensive and they can't control it |
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What triggers another downward spiral of Napoleon's power?
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-Russian invasion
-Russia is big, cold, no food -Went with 600,000 came back with 100,000 (no more grand army) |
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What was the Fourth Coalition?
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-Russia, Prussia, Austria, GB
-Kick Napoleon off throne -Sent back to Corsica |
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What was Europe like in 1815?
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-A hot mess
-Germany in 39 states -France= Napoleon lost popularity, still keeps coming back, back into political chaos -Austria= not powerful on own -Russia= want Poland -GB= love themselves, lots of money and colonies, Idustrial Revolution |
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What was the Congress of Vienna?
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-Everyone sent a rep
-To divide Europe up again and make sure no one could take over ever again -Relatively successful -Collective security=Austria, Russia, Prussia, GB -However smaller countries have no say (nothing to offer) -What to do with Poland -Does nothing to help Germany |
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What happens in France after Napoleon is sent to Corsica?
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-Bourbons are back in power bc they are legitimate
-Shrunk and surrounded by barrier states -But Congress doesn't make them pay (not destroyed) |
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Who was Metternich and what was Conservatism?
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-Surrounded himself with strong ppl, super conservative
-Conservatism= need to go back to status quo (Old Regime), bc Revolution=bad (a disease), Idea of equality is BS, likes idea of constitution but it's false, anti-national/popular sovereignty |
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What was the Holy Alliance?
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-Old Quadruple Alliance
-Russia, Prussia, Austria |
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What was Liberalism?
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-Property rights, equal rights
-British in favor bc Industrial Revolution, ensures they stay rich -Capitalist society based on value anyone can make a living -Freedom of press, civil liberties -French Rev made bourgeoisie more powerful |
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What was going on with Germany?
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-Left out of Congress
-Lose confederation of states -No centralized gov, but constitution -Prussia and Austria dominate, crush nationalism |
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Who gets Poland?
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Russia, Czar Alexander rules it
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What was going on in Spain?
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-In 1820s civil war with radical liberals
-Ferdindand 7th=ruler -Constitutionalists win, Metternich gets his army and goes to France for help -He wins, Spain goes back to monarchy |
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What was going on in Greece?
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-Fathers of democracy
-Part of the Ottoman Empire= weak, but lots of land and resources, absolutist gov, Metternich doesn't want it to break up -Self-determination= the right to establish your own laws and rules, but Russia wants it to break up (more land) -Greeks want to break, Russia said they would help (Eastern Orthodox also) -French and British help Greece for economic gains |
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Who were the Decembrists?
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-In Russia, ppl who want constitution
-Alexander dies, so Nicolas takes over (promises to give ppl contistitution but doesn't) -Revolt, but its crushed |
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What was going on in Italy?
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-Revolt for constitution is crushed
-Congress system not successful = different powers, different interests not an entity, Russia acts for itself -Conservatism is reactionary= response to other movements not a movement -Successful bc it brought peace and not another Napoleon -Metternich tries to crush progressive thought |
