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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
James I of England
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Son of Mary, Queen of Scots; not very well liked; suspected of Catholic sympathies (married his son to the Spanish infanta)
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Duke of Buckingham
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Exercised influence over James; sold titles of nobility (angered the old rich)
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Millenary Petition
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Puritans demanded religios reforms from James I (who was born a Presbyterian)
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Petition of Right
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Parliament's response to Charles I's new taxes &c.; Charles I dissolved Parliament
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Thomas Wentworth/Earl of Strafford
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Chief minister of Charles I who introduced strict administrative centralization to reduce dependency on Parliament
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William Laud
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Archbishop of Canterbury; tried to impose the Book of Common Prayer on Scotland (led to war and more dependency on Parliament for money)
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Religious division in Parliament
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Conservatives: traditional Episcopal system
Presbyterians (moderate Puritans): Calvinist structure Independents (extreme Puritans): complete separatism |
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Short Parliament
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Refused to give Charles I funding for the war with Scotland; Charles dissolved Parliament
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Long Parliament
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Impeached the Earl of Strafford; abolished the Court of Star Chamber and High Commission; outlawed ship money and new taxes without Parliament's consent; required Parliament to meet every three years; demanded that Parliament could not be dissolved without its own consent
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Grand Remonstrance
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Long Parliament's list of 200 grievances to the crown
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English Civil War
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Charles I invaded Parliament; war opened between the royalist Cavaliers and the rebel roundheads over
1. Monarchy vs. absolutism 2. Anglicanism or Presbyterianism? |
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Pride's Purge
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Colonel Thomas Pride banned Puritans from taking their seats; created the Rump Parliament, which executed Charles I and abolished the House of Lords, the monarchy, and the Anglican church
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Oliver Cromwell
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Lord protector of the English Puritan Republic
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Charles II
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Next Stuart monarch; had Catholic sympathies, and so was tolerant
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Clarendon Code
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Excluded any non-Anglican from political office and reinstated the Book of Common Prayer
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Treaty of Dover
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Charles II agreed secretly with France to become Catholic in return for funding
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Declaration of Indulgence
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Charles II suspended all laws against Catholics; Parliament refused to give him money, so he took it back
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Test Act
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Aimed at Charles's brother, James (Catholic); required everyone to swear against transubstantiation
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James II
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Last Catholic king of England; alienated everyone by trying to repeal the Test Act, dissolving Parliament, replacing Anglican officers with Catholics, and reissuing the Declaration of Indulgence
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Glorious Revolution
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William and Mary (Netherlands) invaded England and sent James into exile
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William and Mary
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Took the throne of England; guaranteed civil rights, limited the power of the monarchy; demanded that Parliament meet every three years
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Act of Settlement
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No more Catholic monarchs in England EVER AGAIN
George I of the German house of Hanover became the next king of England |
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Duke of Sully
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Henry IV's finance minister
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Marie de Medici
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Louis XIII's regent (sought security in the Treaty of Fontainebleau)
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Cardinal Richelieu
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Louis XIII's chief advisor; believed in large state interests over the preferences of the nobility
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Cardinal Mazarin
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Regent for Louis XIV; ruled similarly to Richelieu
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Fronde
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Rebellion from Parlement, the nobikity, and the wives of princes
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Louis XUV
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Absolutist king; created an elaborate court life for the nobility at Versailles
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Jansenism
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Augustinian opposition to Jesuit theology
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Marquis of Louvois
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Military tactician who reinvented the military (wages, promotion based on merit, increased dedication)
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Sebastien Vaubaun
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Military engineer who developed trench warfare andtown fortification
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War of Devolution
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Louis XIV fought against the Triple Alliance (England, Sweden, and Holland) over Flanders and Franche-Comte
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Invasion of the Netherlands
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England attacked the Netherlands (William III of Orange); the Peace of Nijmwegen gave everything back to the Dutch
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Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
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Louis XIV took away Protestant privileges - Protestants became galley slaves, children were rebaptized, schools and churches were closed, ministers exiled
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Nine Years' War
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Louis XIV invaded the Palatinate, countered by the League of Augsburg; Peace of Ryswick secured Holland's borders
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War of the Spanish Succession
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Louis XIV's grandson becomes Philip V of Spain; Louis XIV sends troops to claim Spanish territory and fought the Grand Alliance (England, Holland, Spain, HRE); Treaty of Rastatt confirmed the rule of Philip V but ignored Louis XIV
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Maria Winklemann
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Female astronomer; received little recognition; rejected from the Berlin Academy of Sciences after her husnad died
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Galileo Galilei
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Astronomer and mathematician who preached Copernicanism and a mathematically ordered universe; clashed with the Catholic Church and was put under house arrest until his death
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Johannes Kepler
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Assistant to Tycho Brahe; used Brahe's data to support his Copernican beliefs and the heliocentric model of the universe; discovered the elliptical paths of the planets
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Margaret Cavendish
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Well-read noblewoman who married into a circle of philosophers; became a critic of the Royal Society and of scientific instruments
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Ptolemy
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Second century philosopher who proposed geocentrism - the earth in the center, surrounded by concentric spheres in which the moon and stars existed
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Copernicus
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Astronomer who challened the Ptolemaic system; agreed with many of its elements, but proposed heliocentrism - more thorough model (filled the gaps of Ptolemy)
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Tycho Brahe
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Astronomer and mathematician who accepted geocentrism but produced mathematical calculations about the placement of planets in orbit; Kepler later used this data to support heliocentrism
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Isaac Newton
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Mathematician who developed the theory of gravity in Principia Mathematica; planets and all other objects move through mutual attraction
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Thomas Hobbes
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Advocate of absolutism; believed that humans are selfish and competitive and proposed absolute leadership to subdue mankind
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Francis Bacon
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Founder of the empirical method and induction; linked science with progress; encouraged scientists to use their senses
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Rene Descartes
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Founder of analytic geometry and deduction; divided the world into mind and body; science applied only to the physical
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John Locke
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Political thinker; critic of absolutism; government responsible for and responsive to the governed; human's natural state is freedom; advocated religious toleration; conceived tabula rasa
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Francis Bacon
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Founder of the empirical method and induction; linked science with progress; encouraged scientists to use their senses
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Rene Descartes
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Founder of analytic geometry and deduction; divided the world into mind and body; science applied only to the physical
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John Locke
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Political thinker; critic of absolutism; government responsible for and responsive to the governed; human's natural state is freedom; advocated religious toleration; conceived tabula rasa
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Francis Bacon
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Founder of the empirical method and induction; linked science with progress; encouraged scientists to use their senses
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Blaise Pascal
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Jansenist who condemned Jesuits, deists, and atheists; belief in God brings moral discipline
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Blaise Pascal
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Jansenist who condemned Jesuits, deists, and atheists; belief in God brings moral discipline
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My head feels like it's going to explode...
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Only two more chapters to go...
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My head feels like it's going to explode...
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Only two more chapters to go...
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Rene Descartes
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Founder of analytic geometry and deduction; divided the world into mind and body; science applied only to the physical
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John Locke
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Political thinker; critic of absolutism; government responsible for and responsive to the governed; human's natural state is freedom; advocated religious toleration; conceived tabula rasa
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Blaise Pascal
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Jansenist who condemned Jesuits, deists, and atheists; belief in God brings moral discipline
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My head feels like it's going to explode...
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Only two more chapters to go...
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