Ap Euro: Chapter 23 Terms

Front 1

Conservatism

Back 1

appealed to upper classes and peasants wwho were frightened by the violence and terror of French Revolution
Bourgeoisie posed biggest threat to conservatism
Burke's "Reflections" most famous defense of conservatism

Front 2

Carlsbad Diet

Back 2

1819 Metternich calls together this
Carlsbad Decree: materials that advocated unification were censored
Liberals driven underground

Front 3

Decembrist Umprising

Back 3

Jnior military officers of Russia wanted constitutional government, prevent Nick from taking power
Crushed

Front 4

Liberalism

Back 4

first major theory in Western thought, saw individual as self sufficient, freedom and well being sole reason for existence in society

Front 5

Ricardo

Back 5

Iron Law of Wages

Front 6

Iron Law of Wages

Back 6

Ricardo
wages will rise ONLY to substinence level

Front 7

Ulititarianism

Back 7

Jeremy Bentham
utility of any law or institution should be based on whether it provides "Greatest good for greatest number"
supported poor laws

Front 8

On Liberty

Back 8

John Stuart Mill
Absolute freedom of opinion should be protected from censorship and tyranny of majority

Front 9

Nationalism

Back 9

cultural self unity, government
common beliefs caused by comon language, history, etc
French Rev, Napoleonic Wars

Front 10

Greek Revolution

Back 10

1821-1829
Enland, France, Russia join greeks to defeat Egyptian, Ottoman forces (because of religion)

Front 11

Eastern Question

Back 11

who would fill void when Ottomans (Sick old man of Europe) lost European territory?

Front 12

Treaty of Adrianople

Back 12

Greek autonomy recognized after Russians defeateed Ottomans

Front 13

Louis Philippe

Back 13

Bourgeoisie king of France, led them in July Revolution of 1830
Led constitutional monarchy: Orleans family
France now controlled by bourgeosis bankers/businessmen

Front 14

Guiseppe Mazzini

Back 14

Italy
Carbonari advocated nationalism
He led secret revolutionary society known as Young Italy which was crushed

Front 15

Tories

Back 15

Liberal English political faction
Reform minded

Front 16

Whig

Back 16

Egnlish political group
Earl Grey is one

Front 17

Earl Grey

Back 17

British Prime MInister 1830
support from middle class
doubled franchise from 6 to 12 percent

Front 18

Corn Laws

Back 18

repealed in 1846

Front 19

Anto-Corn Law LEague

Back 19

formed by Richard Cobden and John Bright and argued for lower food prices

Front 20

Revolutions of 1848

Back 20

Only Brits, Russians avoided upheavals
Neither conservatives nor liberals gained final upper hand
End of serfdom in Austriia and Germany, universal male suffrage in France
Parliaments in some German sstates, unification movement in ITaly

Front 21

Second French Republic

Back 21

led by Lamartine (liberal allied bourgeosise)
Emerged from February Revolution in France
Louis Blanc socialist leader demanded work for unemployed
national workshops craeted
other reforms

Front 22

Garibaldi

Back 22

protected Mazinni (young italy) and Roman Republic
Professional revolutionary
Led Red Shirts

Front 23

Louis Kossuth

Back 23

Magyar (hungarian) leader
demanded independence
Cacech inh Bohemia declared autonomy
3 northern Italian provinces to doo
Hungarian armies make it to Vienna (Metternich fled city)
Authority restored

Front 24

Magyar

Back 24

Led by Louis Kossuth
Hungarians

Front 25

Frakfurt Parliament

Back 25

Liberals, nationalist, romantic leaders meet in 1848 and call for elections
Bund to unify for a Constitutional monarchy, Prussian king as king
fails

Front 26

Frderick William IV

Back 26

Frankfurt Parliament wanted him as their constitutional king
he rejects it, claiming divine right, etc.

Front 27

Humiliation of Olmutz

Back 27

Prussia forced to drop plan for German unification, left Austria as dominant state in the Bund

Front 28

Romanticism

Back 28

emphasis on human emotion, senses, faith
rejected Enlightenment view of nature as prcise harmonious whole
Rejected Deism
Encouraged personal freedom

Front 29

Sturm and Drang

Back 29

storm and stress
Used by German romantics to communicate emotional intensity

Front 30

Hegel

Back 30

(and Whilhem?)
German idealist
Dialectic: thessis, antithesis, synthesis

Front 31

Dialectic

Back 31

Hegel
Thesis: initial idea
Antithesis: opposing view, clash
Synthesis: hybrid of 2 ideas

Front 32

Wordsworth

Back 32

"Tinturn Abbey"
Romantic poet from England

Front 33

Coleridge

Back 33

Rim of Ancient Mariner
Brother in law to Wordworth
English romantic poet
Inflfuenced by Rosseau
Ordinary language to idealize simple subjects

Front 34

Lord Byron

Back 34

"Don Juan"
"She Walks in Beauty..."
Fought in Italy against Austria for Carbonari
Died fighting in war for Greek independence

Front 35

Shelley

Back 35

"Prometheus Unbound" tells story of revelot of humans against repressive society

Front 36

Goethe

Back 36

"Faust"
Seemed to criticize excesses of romanticism
Fiaust sold his soul to devil to experience every human emotion
"Sorrows of Young Werther"
Good character, bad circumstances, romantic hero

Front 37

Victor Hugo

Back 37

Hunchback of Notre Dame
Les Miserables
Romanticism through strange settings, human emotions

Front 38

Eugene Delacroix

Back 38

"Liberty Leading the People" (in French Revolution)
Viva la Vida
Romantic artists

Front 39

Beethoven

Back 39

bridge between classical and romantic music
human voices in symphony (ode to joy)
first composers not limited by patronage
inner human emotion in music

Front 40

Frederic Chopin

Back 40

showcased Polish folk songs and dances

Front 41

Franz Liszt

Back 41

native Hungarian musician
Hungaian Rhapsody
Piano virtuoso (greatest) in mid 19th Century
symphonic poem: single movement

Front 42

Antonin Dvorak

Back 42

Folk music of Bohemia

Front 43

Guiseppi Verdi

Back 43

greatest Italian opea composer

Front 44

Richard Wagner

Back 44

Greatest German Opea composter: German myths, legends, Verdi considered greatest opera composer of 19th Century

Front 45

Socialism

Back 45

desire for new sense of community
increasing misery of working class
republicanism: capitalism, promote selfishness, social fragmentation
no broad support for social justice until 19th Century

Front 46

Charler Fourier

Back 46

argued for planned economy and socialist communes
described socialist utopia in mathematical detail
supported emancipation of women

Front 47

Friedrich Engles

Back 47

helped develop Marxism

Front 48

Karl Marx

Back 48

Marxism
Communist Mannifesto: socialist bible
Replace utopian hopes with militant blueprint for working class success by dialectical materialism

Front 49

COmmunist Manifesto

Back 49

By Karl Marx
Socialist Bible
Dialectical Materialism

Front 50

Dialectical Materialism

Back 50

economic interpretation of history
class struggle
theory of surplus value
extra profit after labor is "stolen"
socialism is inevitable
classless society
"from each according to his abilities to each according to his needs"