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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thomas a'Kempis
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"The Imitation of Christ"
Critic of Church Founded The Brethren of the Common life Encouraged Christians to live simply and make religion a personal experience |
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The Imitation of Christ
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By Thomas a'Kempis
Critical of church (early) |
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Swabian Rebellion
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Peasants War (1524-1525)
Peasants believed Luther would support liberal social agenda Luther sympathized with plight of peasants, NOT in social/political reform Twelve Articles: peasant demands: end serfdom, fuedal hunting, tithes Luther gathered Lutheran and Catholic princes to crush |
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Brethren of the Common Life
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Founded by Thomas a'Kempis
Encouraged Christians to live simply and make religion a personal experience |
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Ulrich Zwingli
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Preacher trained as humanist, use erasmus' edition of Greek New Testament
Bible: Sole authority Eucharist was symbolic Colloquy of Marburg: 1529 he splits from Luther |
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95 Theses
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October 31, 1517
Nailed on church door Luther went beyond criticism of selling indulgences: questioned authority of Pope Luther is willing to debate in public Printing press rapidly spread ideas |
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Anabaptists
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Anti-baptism: 1525
John Lyden (radical) No connection to any state, rejected secular agreements Rejected Holy Trinity "End of World is imminent" Far Left in Protestantism Become pacifist after radicals take over Munster |
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Phillip Melanchthon
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Augsburg Confession: Lutherans officially excluded non-Luther reformers
Lutheran reformer Established schools for girls in Protestant German states |
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Augsburg Confession
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Lutherans officially excluded non-Luther reformers
In Colloquy of Marburg: 1529 Phillip Melanchthon |
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Calvin
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1509-1564
"Institutes of the Christian Religion" Predestination: God is all-knowing, knows if you are saved when born Salvation ONLY through works of god Humanist: influenced by Erasmus Religiously conservative |
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Presbyterian
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Founded by John Knox
Presbyters governed the church Quickly became dominant in Scotland to detriment of Mary Queen of Scots |
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John Knox
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1505-1572
Founded Presbyterianism in Scotland |
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Bloody Mary
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Mary Tudor
Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon Betrothed to dauphin of France, but Henry needed a son Rescinded reformation legislation of Henry VIII, wanted to reinstate Catholicism |
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Archbishop Cramner
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Convinced Henry VIII to break from Church
Received highest office in Church Executed by Bloody Mary |
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Supremacy Act of 1534
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English subjects must take an oath of loyalty to Henry as head of church of England
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Pilgrimage of Grace
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1536
Opposition to Act of Succession Huge multi-class rebellion in the North: largest in English history Squashed |
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Predestination
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God is all-knowing, knows if you are saved before you're born
Salvation ONLY through Grace of God, good works not enough Religiously conservative John Calvin |
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Elizabethan Settlement
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Elizabeth displayed outward conformity, did not go out of her way to persecute unless SHE was challenged as head of the Church
People could worship as they pleased, as long as it was privately |
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Paul III
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Most important reform Pope
Challenged Protestantism Not interested in new doctrines, interested in improving existing doctrines Goals: Respond to critics with Church regarding Church abuses; Respond to gains of Protestantism |
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The Council of Trent
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1545-1563
3 sessions, established Catholic dogma for next 4 centuries Paul III 7 sacraments valid, transubstantiation, "Index of Forbidden Books", seminaries, Church reforms |
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Jesuits
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1540
Society of Jesus Founder: Ignatius Loyola Organized in military fashion Goals: reform Church through education, preach gospel to pagan people, fight Protestantism |
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The Counter-Reformation
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Originally separate from Catholic Reformation, then merged
Reaction to Protestantism: bring them back to church |
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Peace of Augsburg
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Treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes
Cuius regio, eius religio |
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Alexander VI Borgia
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Pope: Moral decline of Papacy
Had numerous affairs and children out of wedlock |
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Sir Thomas More
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"Utopia"
Writer and Civic Humanist Chancellor to Henry VIII: highest position Beheaded: unwilling to take oath of loyalty to Henry as head of Church of England (Act of Succession) |
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Charles V
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1500-1558
HRE during the Hapsburg-Valois War Sacked Rome (controlled Pope) Chased the Reformation, Luther, but was too late |
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On Christian Liberty
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Written by Martin Luther in criticism of Catholic Church
Fully forgiven children of God, Christians are no longer compelled to keep God's law; however, they freely and willingly serve God and their neighbors |
