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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1609
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12 Years' Truce
(Phillip II against Dutch) |
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1624
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Pettition of Right
"Habeus Corpus" no forced loans no raised taxes no new laws by king no billeting (soldiers taking over homes) |
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Habeus Corpus
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people cannot be tried without an unbiased person to decide if the punishment is valid.
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1643
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Louis XIV becomes king.
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1670
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Treaty of Dover
France and England against Dutch. Secret: France financially supporting English re-Catholization. |
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1672
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Louis begins wars
most against Netherlands |
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1688
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Glorious Revolution
England forcibly removes James II from the throne and puts William III and Mary on it. |
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1689
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Bill of Rights
stating that William of Orange and Mary are destined to rule. a constitution. |
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1714
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Peace of Utrecht
end of the war of Spanish Succession. |
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Constitution
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A document that states how a government should operate and normally is keeping from absolutist gov.
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Hidalgo
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Spanish nobility.
lesser nobles/students/involved in Church. |
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Ursuline Sisters
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Started schools for girls.
women religious groups. like female Jesuits. |
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Plebians
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Middle Class of England
1/2 students at oxford |
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Bourbon
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French dynasty - began with Henry III (of Nevaa)
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Sun King
Le Roi du Soleil |
Louis XIV
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L'eant, c'est moi
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"the state is myself" ~ Louis XIV
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Bishop Boussuet
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Theocracy - King received power from God.
Kingdom under one God. French |
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Franche comte
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Burgandy conquered by Louis XIV in treaty of Nimwegen.
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Treaty of Nimwegen
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Ended the Dutch Wars of 1672
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Universal Monarcy
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what everyone feared
one monarch over everyone Cause of 30 years' war and War of Span. Succession. |
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"Un roi, Un loi, Un foi"
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"one king, one land, one faith" ~ Richelieu's motto and later Louis XIV's
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Versailles
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Louis XIV's palace where nobles stayed to keep power centralized.
cult of personality/gambling |
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Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
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Louis XIV 1685 - seeking religious unity revokes the rights of the Huguenots
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Fronde
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Civil war for rights of Parlements and nobles against mainly Cardinal Mazarin. (French)
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Cardinal Mazarin
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Governed whle Louis XIV was a boy.
Fought the Fronde. |
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Intendants
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Members of councils of the state and supervised laws, recruitment into the army and taxes and reported to the king.
Made by Richelieu |
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war of Devolution
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Against Hapsburg spain for Spanish Netherlands.
Led to Franco-Dutch war because Louis XIV felt cheated by the Dutch. |
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Dutch War
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Louis invaded Dutch lands (1672), but was later forced to sign the treaty of Nimwegen by William III
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war of the League of Augsburg
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William III and Leopold I (HRE) formed Grand ALliance against France.
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Peace of Ryswick
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Ended the war with the League of Augsburg. Lands were given out and William III finally recognized Louis XIV as King.
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Charles II of Spain
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Exorcised and Inbred
had no son (probably impotent) left throne to Louis XIV's grandson. War of Spanish Succession |
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"the Pyrenees exist no longer"
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Bourbons ruled France and Spain - one big empire?
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William of orange
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Standholder in Holand, King od england, formed Grand ALliance in 1701.
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Duke of Marlborough
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leader of Allied forces in the war of succession.
escorted James II out of England before the Glorious revolution in 1688. |
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Phillip V of Spain
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Bourbon, LOuis XIV's grandson.
Spanish King after war of Succession |
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Prince Eugene of Savory
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Leader of Austria during the War of Spanish Succession
military genious refused in France as a general but welcomed in Austria. (really a Frenchman) |
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Dutch Barrier
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Chain of Islands allong Amsterdam inlet
English ships hid during English-Dutch wars. |
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Estates General of the united Provinces
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Dutch republic - Bourgeoisie "high and mightinessess" representitives had no say and were forced to vote how their provinces had dictated
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Bank of Amsterdam
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Gov. guarenteed safetey of money.
minted their own coins all coins accepted for real value. loans and checking accounts. |
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House of Orange
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Standholders of Duch Rep. since William the Silent
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William III (in England)
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Married to Mary Stuart
Calvinist Hatted Louis XIV gained power in England in Bill of Rights (1689) which gave him the throne as the husband of Mary. |
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English-Dutch wars
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3 wars - England took over new Amsterdam (now New York)
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hereditary Standholder
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1673-76 provinces voted to make standholder only in the house of Orange.
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Hugo Grotius
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"Law of War and Peace" on International Law
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Baruch Spinoza
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Jewish Portugese Philosopher
"god only exists as far as we beleive" |
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Christian Huyghens
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Phisics and Math in the Dutch Rep.
Discovered Saturn's rings, telescope, and that light is a wave. |
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James VI of Scotland
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James I in England
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"the True Law of Free Monarchy"
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written by James I
Kings had divine right and free from laws and customs and churches. |
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Tunnage and Poundage
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tax according to quantity and not value.
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Milenary Petition
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1604 - Anglicans with puritan sympathies got rid of the hierarchy and the catholic leftovers in the Church of England, but James I refused it and it was the beginning of his disagreements with Parliament
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Archbishop Laud
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beleived in religious Conformity
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ship money case
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Charles II wanted navy in peacetime and taxed England without the Consent of Parliament
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Long Parliament
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1640-1660 when Charles I put down scot rebellion and needed money. he dissolved the parliament but they were re-elected and blackmailed him for rights to give him money.
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Solmn league and Covenant
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Passed by Parliament
Presbyterians to be the legal religion of the UK |
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roundheads
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Soldiers of Cromwell
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Pride's Purge
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colonel Pride, under Cromwell's command, took every Parliament member who was opposed to the execution of Charles I out of Parliament and left only those in favor.
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Rump
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Parliament after Pride's Purge
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Fifth Monarchy Men
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conspirasy
Thought the Apocolyspe was coming |
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Charles II of England
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England
Puritan with catholic Leanings Treaty of Dover 1670 where he allied against Dutch and agreed to re Catholicazise England |
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Test Act
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Excluded Catholics from almsot everything state or Education related in England.
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Whigs
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Against King in England
Came up with Exclusion Act |
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Tories
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For King in England
Voted against Exclusion Act |
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Tiral of the Seven Bishops
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7 bishops refused to endorse religious (Mainly Catholic) toleration under Charles II.
Prosecuted but aquitted by jury. |
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Battle of the boyne
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1690 - William III and army beat France and ireland - England still Anglican
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United Kingdom of Great Britan
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England, Scotland, Northern Ireland
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Act of Sttlement of 1701
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no catholic King in England
Excluded "Pretenders" (decendants of James II) |
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Toleration Act
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1689 - dissenters could practice their religion - still no rights.
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Penal Code for Ireland
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on Irish Catholics
weakened ireland No rights (education, occupation, land, etc.) |
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Phillip II
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spanish King
El escorial Dutch Revolt and SPanish Armada Catholic Hapsburg |
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Union of Utrecht
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1579 - 17 Calvinist Provinces of the Dutch Republic.
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Reasons for the spanish Armada
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Privateers(english Pirates)
Anglican England (not Cath.) Bloody Marry was married to Phillip II England helped Dutch against SPain. |
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
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1572 - Catharine de Medici
Colgoy(huguenot leader) was shot coming to wedding in France. fearing a revolt, Catharine acted first, killing first in Paris and then spredding. |
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Henry of Nevaa
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Calvinist Burbon
ended being best king of France Ended war of 3 henries Throne transfered from Valois to Burbon |
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Guise
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other royal famliy
Henry of Guise assassinated |
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Valois
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first ruling family of France
Henry III (valois) also assassinated. |
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Ferdinand II
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seeking religioius uniformity in HRE.
Catholic League founder. centralizing gov. 30 years' war. |
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Frederich of Palatine
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Calvinist leader
centralized power in Bohemia Defeated at the Battle of white Mountain |
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Christian IV
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Danish king extedning control along the Baltic
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Wallenstine
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Catholic League Leader
Just following orders |
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Edict of restitution
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Centralized power/spread Catholicism
took territory from Protestants. |
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Richelieu
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French Cardinal Against Hapsburgs in 30 years' war because afraid of Absolute Monarcy. took power form nobles in france - took manors and even exectuted some. mercantilist. spy network and created Intendants and Ammended the Edict of Nantes.
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Battle of Rochelle
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Battle where Huguenots were defeated in France, led by Cardinal Richelieu
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Gentry
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English Class
all nobles gentry but not all gentry nobles. more of a flexible class. |
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Oliver Comwell
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New Model Army
Military Leader - Paid soldiers ended as a dictator although in favor of a democracy. |
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Cavalirs
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soldiers loyal to King in England
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Maria-Theresa
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Daughter of Charles VI - Austrian Monarch
was next ruling power. |
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Pragmatic Sanction of Austria
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1713 - Asked everyone to accept maria-theresa as the queen of austria and allow her to rule.
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Capitulations
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paying of the hapsburgs to get electors to vote for them.
gave up powers and liberties. |
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Prussia
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centered in Brandenburg
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Hohensollern
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Prussian ruling dynasty
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Frederich Wilhelm "the Great Elector"
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Lutheran and tolerant of Catholics and Protestants Welcomed other religions after Louis expelled them Built up standing army. Mercantilism Became absolutist Expanded power and consolidated
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Frederich III (Frederich I, King "in" Prussia)
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Elector of Brandenburg King “in” Prussia (given by HRE)Aided the HRE (Leopold I) against Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession – was allowed “King in Prussia”Religious tolerance
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Frederich Wilhelm "the Soldier King"
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VERY FRUGAL and VERY MILITARY Built up military and was mercantilistTreated eldest son, next king, very harshly
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Frederich II "the Great"
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Loved music and art and debatably gayAfter the death of Charles IV, ignored Pragmatic Sanction and attacked Austria to take land. Although many joined forces against him, he succeeded because of great military skill from his father. Toleration to improve econ Abolished torture
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Ivan the Great
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First Czar
Expelled Mongols from the country. |
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Boyars
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Nobles of Russia
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Ivan the Terrible
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Died with no successor
Russian Time of Troubles |
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Zenski Sobar
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Boyar assembly
Vote on next Czar 1613 - Romanovs voted into power |
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Micheal Romanov
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first Romanov
1613 - accepted after others refused. Romanov Czars ruled 1613-1917 |
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Orthodox Church
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reformed and insulted many people
Russia |
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Old beleivers
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Small branch of Russian Orthodox Church.
were insulted by changes |
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1589
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Patriarch elected in Moscow
Moscow now third Rome |
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st Petersberg
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Expansion
Naval port = Better econ model of new western Russia 50,000 serfs died building and filling swamp |
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Kiev
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1667 - expansion
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Axov
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1698- Expansion
Russia |
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Capitation
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Life tax on everyone in Russia
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Dvorianie
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nobility based on who is serving in state - not based on birhright.
Trustworthy people - state service |
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Table of Ranks
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good working = higher rank
Russia |
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Gubernii
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10 territorial Governments chosen by Peter
"Senate" |
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Synod
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religious control - Peter appointed head.
Alexis (Peter's son) allied with old Beleivers against father and was tortured to death. |
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Alexis
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Peter the Great's son.
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1572
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St Bartholomew's day massacre
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Matthias
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HRE forced to give protestants rights in the "letter of Majesty"
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Protestant Union
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All against HRE in 1608
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battle of white mountain
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1620 when Ferdinand II beat Frederich V.
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Frederich V
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Elector of Palatine
was voted to Bohemian throne and defeated at white mountain. represented Protestants in bohemian phase. |
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gustavus Adolphus
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King od Sweeden and a protestant leader in the 30 years' war. - sweedish phase.
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Lutzen
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Battle at which gustavus Adolphus was killed.
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German Liberties
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states for liberties in HRE
supported by French for uncentralized power. |
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1618
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Defenestration of Prague when 2 officials for the HRE were thrown out of a window for violating the Letter of Majesty and sparked the 30 years' war.
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1648
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Peace of Westphalia
Ending the 30 Years' War Burbons were new power Calvinist rights. |
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Sansusi
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Frederich the Great's palace.
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