Ap English Vocabulary: Logical Fallacies

Front 1

Ad Hominem

Back 1

Latin: "to the man"
- type of fallacy where the argument in not against the issues, but against the speaker

Front 2

Ad Populum (Bandwagon Appeal)

Back 2

Latin: "to the people"
- type of fallacy where "everyone is doing it so it must be right"

Front 3

Appeal to False Authority

Back 3

- when someone who has no expertise in a feild, is taken as an authority

Front 4

Begging the Question

Back 4

-fallacy occuring when a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt

Front 5

Circular Reasoning

Back 5

- fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence
- "That's stupid, because that's stupid!"

Front 6

Either/Or (False Dilemma)

Back 6

- fallacy where the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices
- denies middle grounds

Front 7

Faulty Analogy

Back 7

- compares two things that are not comparable
- ex.) Employees are like nails. Just as nails must be hit in the head in order to make them work, so must employees.

Front 8

Hasty Generalization

Back 8

- fallacy where a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence

Front 9

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Back 9

- Latin: "After which therefore due to which"
- (after it, therefore due to)
- a fallacy where one assumes that just because two things happened, the first caused the second
- correlation does not equal causation

Front 10

Straw-Man

Back 10

- fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor and oversimplified idea to refute an idea