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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ANATOMY
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the scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure.
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DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY
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study of the structural changes that occur between conception and adulthood
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EMBRYOLOGY
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a subspeciality of developmental anatomy. Considers changes from conception to the end of the 8th week of development
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CYTOLOGY
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examines structural features of cells
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HISTOLOGY
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examines tissues, which are the cells and the materials surrounding them
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GROSS ANATOMY
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study of structures that can be xamined without the aid of a microscope, can be approached from either a systemic or a regional perspective
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SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
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the body is studied system by system
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REGIONAL ANATOMY
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the body is studied area by area, within each region, such as the head, abd, or arm, all systems are studied simultaneously
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SURFACE ANATOMY
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study of the external form of the body and its relation to deeper structures.
i.e. the sternum and parts of the ribs can be seen and felt, they are landmarks used to identify where organs are located |
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ANATOMICAL IMAGING
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uses radiographs, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures
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PHYSIOLOGY
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scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things
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PATHOLOGY
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medical science dealing with all aspects of dissease, with an emphasis on the cause and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and fuctional changes resulting from disease
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CHEMICAL LEVEL
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atoms combine to form molecules
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CELL LEVEL
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Molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondira, which make up cells
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TISSUE LEVEL
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similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues
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ORGAN LEVEL
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different tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary bladder
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ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
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organs such as the urinary bladder and kidneys make up an organ system
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ORGANISM LEVEL
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organ systems make up an organism
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SONOGRAM
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image made from ultrasound
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DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY (DSA)
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one step beyong CT scans. 3D radiographic image of an organ such as brain, is made and stored in computer. uses radiographic dye
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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCANS
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low intensity x ray tube roated through a 360-degree arc around pt. computer constructs the image of a "slice" through the body at the point where the xray beam was focused and rotated.
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
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directs radio waves at a person lying inside a large electromagnetic field. changes the alignment of H+, realigns them in accordance with magnetic field
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POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHIC (PET)
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can ID metabolic states of various tissues. useful in analyzing the brain.
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METABOLISM
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is all of the chemical reactions taking place in an organism
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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includes: skin & hair & sweat glands
fxn: protection, regulates temp, reduces water loss, produces vit D precursors, |
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SKELTAL SYSTEM
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function is to rpovide protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat.
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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produces body movements, maintain posture, produce body heat
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
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removes foregin substances from blood and lymph, combats disease, maintins tissue fluid balance, transports fats from digestive tract
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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exchanges oxygen and CO2 between blood and air and regulates blood pH
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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performs mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimates waste
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
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major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiologic processes, and intellectual functions
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones througout the body, plays a rol ein the immune response and the regulation of body temp.
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URINARY SYSTEM
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removes waste from blood, regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.
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MORPHOGENESIS
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change in the shape of tissues, organs, and entire organism
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REPRODUCTION
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formation of new cells or new oranisms
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SET POINT
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ideal normal value
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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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maintains homeostasis. negative means that any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted.
i.e. maintaining normal BP is necessary for hoeostasis b/c pressure is required to move blood from heart through the tissues. |
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RECEPTOR
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monitors the value of variable
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CONTROL CENTER
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receives information about the variable from the recepter, establishes set point, and controls the effector
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EFFECTOR
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produces responces that change the value of the variable
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POSITIVE FEEDBACK
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responses are not homeostatic and are rare in healthy individulals.
Positive implies that, when a deviation from a normal value occurs, the system's response is to make the deviation a cycle that leads away from homeostasis and, in osme cases, results in death. |
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SUPINE
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lying face upward
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PRONE
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lying face downward
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