A&p Chapter 9 Joints

Front 1

Arthology

Back 1

science of joint structure, function

Front 2

kinesiology

Back 2

study of musculoskeletal movement

Front 3

4 major joint categories

Back 3

bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Front 4

ROM: synathrosis

Back 4

immovable

Front 5

ROM: Amphiarthrosis

Back 5

slightly movable

Front 6

ROM: diarthrosis

Back 6

freely movable

Front 7

synostosis joint

Back 7

bony joint; 2 bones ossify & become a single bone with a fibrous or cartilaginous joint

ex. infant frontal & mandibular bones

Front 8

synarthrosis joint

Back 8

fibrous joint; bones are bound by collagen fibers (tendons) from one side and penetrate another

Front 9

3 kinds of synathrosis joints

Back 9

sutures, gomphoses & syndesmoses

Front 10

suture definition

Back 10

immovable or slightly movable fibrous joint that bind bones

Front 11

serrate suture

Back 11

interlocking wavy lines

ex. coronal suture

Front 12

lap (squamous) suture

Back 12

overlapping edges

ex. temporal & parietal bones

Front 13

plane (butt) suture

Back 13

straight, non-overlapping edges

ex. intermaxillary suture

Front 14

gomphosis

Back 14

Fibrous joint; attachment of tooth to socket by a collagen fiber, periodontal ligament

Front 15

syndesmosis joint

Back 15

fibrous joint which 2 bones are bound by long collagenous fivers called interosseous membrane for mobility

ex. between tibia and fibula

Front 16

syphysis joint

Back 16

bones are seperated by a pad of fibrocartilage

ex. interpubic disc of pubic symphysis

Front 17

syndesmosis

Back 17

slightly movable joint; ligaments connect 2 bones and limit motion ex. radius and ulna

Front 18

Amphiarthrosis joint

Back 18

cartilaginous joint; 2 bones are linked by cartilage

Front 19

synchondroses joint

Back 19

bones are bound by hyaline cartilage

ex. joint in epiphyseal plate, first rib to sternum

Front 20

diarthrosis

Back 20

synovial joint; 2 bones are separated by a joint cavity for mobility

Front 21

articular cartilage

Back 21

avascular layer of hyaline cartilage that covers bone surfaces

Front 22

joint (articular cavity)

Back 22

seperates articular surfaces

Front 23

synovial fluid

Back 23

nourishes articular cartilage and removes waste; reduces friction

Front 24

joint capsule

Back 24

connective tissue that encloses cavity and retains the fluid made of outer fibrous capsule & inner, cellular synovial membrane

Front 25

outer fibrous capsule

Back 25

continuous with periosteum of adjoining bones

Front 26

inner synovial membrane

Back 26

composed of fibroblast cells that secrete synovial fluid & macrophages to remove debris

Front 27

articular disc

Back 27

forms a pad between articulating bones that cross the entire joint capsule

Front 28

meniscus

Back 28

in knee; 2 cartilages extend inward from the left and right but dont cross joint, cups to keep bones in place

Front 29

tendon

Back 29

sheet of collagenous conn. tissue that attches muscle to bone to stabilize a joint

Front 30

ligament

Back 30

collagenous conn. tissue that attaches bone to bone

Front 31

bursa

Back 31

fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, between muscles to cushion, ease friction and modifies tendon pull

Front 32

tendon sheaths

Back 32

elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon in hand and foot

Front 33

without exercise, cartilage...

Back 33

deteriorates from lack of nutriotion and waste removal

Front 34

rotation occurse when an...

Back 34

effort applied overcomes resistance

Front 35

weight advantage

Back 35

exort more force than force applied to lever

ex. moving object with crowbar

Front 36

Speed advantage

Back 36

move resisting object faster/farther than effort arm is moved

ex. rowing a boat

Front 37

MA > 1.0

Back 37

more force, less speed

Front 38

MA<1.0

Back 38

more speed, less force

Front 39

multiaxial joint

Back 39

3 degrees of freedom or axes of rotation

Front 40

ball and socket joint

Back 40

multiaxial joint, cuplike socket; shoulder & hip joint

Front 41

condylar (ellipsoid) joint

Back 41

biaxial joint; oval convex surface where bones fit in complementary depressions

ex. radiocarpal joint of wrist

Front 42

saddle joint

Back 42

biaxial joint; both bones have an articular surface that is saddle shaped, concave & convex

ex. sternoclavicular joint

Front 43

plane (glididng joint)

Back 43

biaxial joint; flat articular surfaces that bones slide over each other with limited movement

ex. carpal bones of wrist

Front 44

hinge joint

Back 44

monoaxial; one bone with convex surface fits into a concave depression on other bone

ex. ulna and humerus

Front 45

pivot joint

Back 45

monoaxial; bone held in place by a ringlike ligament

ex. atlantoaxial joint

Front 46

zero position

Back 46

position of a joint when a person is in standard anatomical position