A&p Chapter 5 The Integumentary System

Front 1

consists of skin, hair, oil, and sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors

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inteugmentary system

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the largest organ of the body in surface area and weight

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the skin

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the principal parts of the skin are the

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epidermis and dermis

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epidermis means

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superficial

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dermis means

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deep

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deep to the dermis and not part of the skin. anchors the dermis to underlying tissues and organs. contains pacinian corpuscles

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subcutaneous layer

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another name for the subcutaneous layer is the:

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hypodermis

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epidermal layers from deep to superficial are

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1)stratum basale
2)stratum spinosum
3)statum granulosum
4)stratum luicdum
5)stratum corneum

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arranged in four or five layers and produce the protein keratin

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karatinocytes

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8% of epidermal cells. means black. produce pigament melanin

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melanocytes

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yellow-red or brown-black pigament that contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging ultraviolet light

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melanin

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arise from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. they participate in immune response and are easily damaged by UV light.

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langerhans cells

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their role in the immune response is to help other cells of the ummune system recognize an invading microbe and distrory it

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langerhans cells

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least numerous of the epidermal calls.
located in the depest layer of the epidermis where they contact the flattened process of sensory neuron

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merkel cells

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detect touch sensations

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merkel cells

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the dermis consists of

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papillary and reticular regions

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composed of areolar connective tissue containing thin collagen and fine elastic fibers.

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papillary region

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composed of dense irregular connective tissue containing bundles of thick collagen and some coarse elastic fibers, adipose tissue, hair follicles, oil glands and sweat glands

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reticular region

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provide the basis for fingerprints and footprints

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epidermal ridges

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the color of skin is due to:

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melanin
carotene
hemoglobin

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accessory structures of the skin (hair, skin glands, and nails) develop from the

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embryonic epidermis

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consists of a shaft, most of which is superficial to the surface, a root the penetrates the dermis and a hair collicle

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a hair

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associated with ecah hair follicle is a

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sebaceous (oil) gland, an arrector pili muscle, and a hair root plexus

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new hairs develop from divison of

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hair matrix cells in the bulb

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hair replacement and growth occure in a

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cyclical pattern consistening of
growth
regression
resting stages

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hairs offer a limited about of

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protection (from the sun, heat loss, and entry of foreign particiles into the eyes, nose and eyes

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sensing light touch

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hair

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lanugo of the fetus is shed

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before birth

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terminal, coarse, pigmented

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body hair on males

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vellus, fine

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body hair on females

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connecetd to hair follicles

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subaceous (oil) glands

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they are absent from the palms and soles

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sebaceous glands

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moistens hair and waterproofs the skin

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sebum

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produces sebum

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sebaceous glands

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clogged sebaceous glands produce

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acne

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two types of sudoriferous *Sweat* glands

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eccrine and apocrine

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involved in thermoregulation and waste removal and are stimulated during emoitonal stress

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eccrine

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limited to the skin of the groin. their ducts open into hair collicles. stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement

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apocrine

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modified sudoriferous glands that secrete cerumen. found in the auditoral canal(ear)

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ceruminous

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hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells over the dorsal surfaces of the distal protions of the digits

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nails

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principal parts of a nail are:

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nail body
free edge
nail root
lunula
eponychium
nail matrix

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what produces new nails

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cell divison of the nail matrix

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the skin coveres all parts of the body except

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palms, and palmar surfaces of the digits and soles

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what covers the palms, palmar surfaces of the digits and soles

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thick skin

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skin functions include

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body temperature regulation
blood storage
protection
sensation
exretion
absoption
and synthesis of vitamin D

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liberating sweat as its surface and by adjusting the flow of blood in the dermis.

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thermoregulation

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the skin provides __ that help protect the body

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physical, chemical, and biological barries that help protect the body

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include tactile sensations, thermal sensations, and pain

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cutaneous sensations

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the central protion of the wound usually extends down to the dermis; the wound edges involve only superficial damage to the epidermal cells

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epidermal wound

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repaired by enlargement and migration of basal cells, contact inhibitationm and division of migrating and stationary basal cells

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epidermal wounds

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a blood clot unites the wound edges, epithelial cells migrate across the wound. vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels enhance delivery of phagocytes and cells devlope into fibroblasts

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inflammatory phase

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fibroblasts migrate along fibrin threads and begin synthesizing collagen fibers and glycoproteins

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migratory phase

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epithelial cells grow extensively

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proliferative phase

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the scab sloughs off, the epidermis is restored to normal thickness, collagen fibers become more organizedm fibroblasts begin to disappear and blood vessels are restored to normal

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maturation phase

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the epidermis devleops from the

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embryonic ectoderm and the accessory structures of the skin

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hair, nails, and skin glands are

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epidermal derivatives

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the dermis is derived from

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mesodermal cells

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most effects of agingn begin to occure when people reaach

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their late forties