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65 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Afferent Aterirole
An arteriole that carries blood to a glomerulus of the kidney
Albuminuria
presence of albumin in the urine
Aldosterone
a mineralocorticoid produced by the zone glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex; stimulates sodium and water conservation at the kidneys; secreted in response to the presence of angiotensin II
Angiotensinogen
the blood protein produced by the liver that is converted to angiotensin I by the enzyme renin
Arcuate
Curving
Bilirubin
a pigment that is the by-product of hemoglobin catabolism
Carbonic Annhydrase
an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction H2O+CO2>H2CO3 important in carbon dioxide transport, gastric acid secretion, and renal PH regulation
Catheter
a tube surgicaly inserted into the body cavity or along a blood vessel to excretory passageway for the collection of body fluids, monitoring of blood pressure, or introduction of medications or radiographic dyes
Convoluted
rolled, coiled, or twisted
Countercurrent Multiplication
active transport between two limbs of a loop that contains a fluid moving in one direction, responsible for the concentration of urine in the kidney tubules
Creatine
a nitrogenous compound, synthesized in the body, that can form a high-energy bond by connecting to a phosphate group and that serves as an energy reserve
Creatinine
a brakedown product of creatine metabolism
Deamination
the removal of an amino group from an amino acid
Detrusor Muscle
a smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder
Diabetes Insipidus
polyuria due to inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
the portion of the nephron closest to the connecting tubules and collecting duct, an important site of active secretion
Diuresis
fluid loss at the kidneys; the production of urine
Diuretics
drugs or foods that promote loss of water
Efferent Arteriole
an arteriole carrying blood away from a glomerulus of the kidney
Escherichia Coli
a normal bacterial resident of the large intestine
Extracellular Fluid
all body fluids other then that contained with in cells, includes plasma and interstitial fluid
Flitration Pressure
the hydrostatic pressure responsible for filtration
Glomerular Capsule
double walled cuplike end of a renal tubule, encloses a glomerulus; also called Bowman's capsule
Glomerular Filtration Rate
the rate of filtration formation at the glomerulus
Glomerulus
a knot of coiled capillaries in the kidney; forms filtrate
Glycosuria
the presence of glucose in the urine
Hematuria
The presence of abnormal numbers of red blood cells in urine
Hydrostatic Pressure
fluid pressure
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
a macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells, a complex responsible for the release of renin and erythropoietin
Kidney
a component of the urinary system; an organ functioning in the regulation of plasma composition, including the excretion of wastes and the maintenance of normal fluid and electrolyte balances
Loop of Henle
the portion of the nephron that creates the concentration gradient in the renal medulla
Macula Densa
a group od specialized secretory cells that is located in a portion of the distal convoluted tubule, adjacent to the glomerulus and the juxtaglomerular cells, a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
Micturition
urination, or voiding, emptying the bladder
Nephrons
structural and functional units of the kidney
Nitrogenous Wastes
organic waste products of metabolism that contain nitrogen, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine
Osmoreceptor
a structure sensitive to osmotic pressure or concentration of a solution
Peritubular Capillaries
a network of capillaries that surrounds the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
the portion of the nephron that is situated between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle; the major site of active reabsorption form filtrate
Pyelonephritis
an inflammation of the kidney pelvis and surrounding kidney tissues
Renal Corpuscle
the initial portion of the nephron, consisting of an expanded chamber that encloses the glomerulus
Ureters
tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder
Urethra
the canal through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body
Urinary Bladder
the muscular, distensible sac that stores urine prior to micturition
Urine
filtrate containing waste and excess ions excreted by the kidneys
micturition
: urination, or voiding; emptying the bladder
Diuretics
drugs or foods that promote loss of water
Afferent ateriole
an arteriole that carries blood to a glomerulus of the kidney
bilirubin
a pigment that is the by-product of hemoglobin catabolism
countercurrent multiplication
active transport between two limbs of a loop that contains a fluid moving in one direction; responsible for the concentration of urine in the kidney tubules
deamination
the removal of an amino group from an amino acid
efferent arterioles:
arterioles carrying blood away from a glomerulus of the kidney
escherichia coli:
a normal bacterial resident of the large intestine
extracellular fluid:
all body fluids other than that contained within cells; includes plasma and interstitial fluid
filtration pressure
the hydrostatic pressure responsible for filtration
glomerular filtration rate:
the rate of filtrate formation at the glomerulus
hematuria:
the presence of abnormal numbers of red blood cells in urine
hydrostatic pressure
fluid pressure
nephrons
structural and functional units of the kidney
nitrogenous waste:
organic waste product of metabolism that contains nitrogen, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine
osmoreceptor
a structure sensitive to osmotic pressure or concentration of a solution
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT
the portion of the nephron that is situated between Bowman’s capsule and the loop of Henle; the major site of active reabsorption from filtrate
diuresis
fluid loss at the kidneys; the production of urine
glomerulus
a knot of coiled capillaries in the kidney; forms filtrate
loop of Henle
the portion of the nephron that creates the concentration gradient in the renal medulla
Aorta>Renal Artery>segmental artery> lobar artery>interlobar artery>arcuate artery>interlobular artery>afferent arteriole>glomerulus
Efferent arteriole>peritubular capillaries> interlobular vein> arcuate vein>interlobar vein>renal vein> inferior vena cava