A&p Chapter 10

Front 1

The central nervous system is located in the ____ cavity

Back 1

dorsal

Front 2

The nervous system performs three general functions-

Back 2

sensory, integrative, and motor function

Front 3

nerves that carry out the plans made by the CNS

Back 3

motor nerves

Front 4

part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal cord

Back 4

central nervous system

Front 5

also described as afferent nerves

Back 5

sensory nerves

Front 6

nerves that gather information from the environment and carry it to the CNS

Back 6

sensory nerves

Front 7

part of the nervous system consisting of nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with the rest of the body

Back 7

peripheral nervous system

Front 8

also described as efferent nerves

Back 8

motor nerves

Front 9

the processing and interpretation of information by cells of the CNS; the decision-making capability

Back 9

integrative function

Front 10

nervous tissue is made up of two types of cells-

Back 10

neuroglia and neurons

Front 11

_____ is the nerve glue. It is the most abundant of the nerve cells.

Back 11

neuroglia or glial cells

Front 12

most glial cells are located in the ____

Back 12

central nervous system (CNS)

Front 13

___ cells support, protect, insulate, nourish, and generally care for the delicate neurons.

Back 13

glial cells

Front 14

____ cells DO NOT conduct nerve impulses.

Back 14

glial

Front 15

Two common types of glial cells-

Back 15

astrocytes and ependymal cells

Front 16

Star-shaped glial cells present in the blood-brain barrier. They also anchor or bind blood vessels to nerves for support and act as phagocytes.

Back 16

astrocytes

Front 17

Glial cells that line the ventricles as part of the choroid plexus and are involved in the formation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Back 17

ependymal cells

Front 18

Glial cells that play a protective role. They are in charge of phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged tissue.

Back 18

microglia

Front 19

These glial cells produce the myelin sheath for neurons in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 19

Schwann cells

Front 20

These glial cells produce the myelin sheath for neurons in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 20

oligodendrocytes

Front 21

Because ___ cells undergo mitosis, most primary CNS tumors are composed of them.

Back 21

glial cells (e.g. astrocytomas)

Front 22

___ are types of nerves cells that are nonmitotic and therefore do not replicate nor replace themselves when injured. Thus they generally do not give rise to primary malignant brain tumors.

Back 22

neurons

Front 23

3 parts of the neuron-

Back 23

dendrites, cells body, axon

Front 24

____ are treelike structures that receive information from other neurons and then transmit the info toward the cell body. One neuron may have thousands of ____.

Back 24

dendrites/dendrites

Front 25

nerve cells that transmit information as electrical signals

Back 25

neurons

Front 26

The ____ contains the nucleus and is essential for the life of neuron.

Back 26

cell body

Front 27

The ___ is a long extension that transmits info away from the cell body.

Back 27

axon

Front 28

The end of the axon undergoes extensive branching to form hundreds to thousands of _____

Back 28

axon terminals

Front 29

It is within the _____ that the chemical neurotransmitters are stored.

Back 29

axon terminals

Front 30

clusters of cell bodies located within the CNS

Back 30

nuclei

Front 31

clusters of cell bodies located in the PNS

Back 31

ganglia

Front 32

Most long nerve fibers (axons) of both the peripheral and central nervous systems are encased by a layer of white fatty material called the _____

Back 32

myelin sheath

Front 33

Myelination begins during the ___ month of fetal life and continues into teenage years

Back 33

fourth

Front 34

Surrounding the axon of a neuron in the PNS is a layer of special cells called

Back 34

Schwann cells

Front 35

The ____ cells in the PNS form the myelin sheath that surrounds the axon

Back 35

schwann

Front 36

The nuclei and cytoplasm of the Schwann cells in the PNS lie outside the myelin sheath on the axon and are called the _____

Back 36

neurilemma

Front 37

The _____ is important in the regeneration of a severed nerve

Back 37

neurilemma

Front 38

In the CNS, the myelin sheath is formed by

Back 38

oligodendrocytes

Front 39

In the CNS, since there oligodendrocytes and no schwanna cells there is no _____. This accounts, in part, for the inability of the CNS neurons to regenerate.

Back 39

neurilemma

Front 40

____ are areas located regularly along the axon that are not covered by myelin

Back 40

Node of Ranvier

Front 41

3 types of neurons-

Back 41

sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

Front 42

A ____ neuron carries the information from the periphery toward the CNS.

Back 42

sensory neuron

Front 43

A ____ neuron carries info from the CNS toward the periphery.

Back 43

motor neuron

Front 44

Both sensory and motor neurons are found in the ______. Interneurons are only found in the _____.

Back 44

central and peripheral nervous system/ central nervous system

Front 45

____ are a type of neuron that form connections between the sensory and motor neurons. In the brain, they play a role in thinking, learning, and memory.

Back 45

interneurons

Front 46

The tissue of the CNS is white and gray. White matter is white because of _____. The gray matter is composed of _____.

Back 46

myelin/cell bodies, interneurons, and unmyelinated fibers

Front 47

Patches of gray called the _____ are located in the brain.

Back 47

basal nuclei(called this because nuclei is a cluster of cell bodies located in the CNS)

Front 48

The ____ is an electrical signal that conveys info along a neuron

Back 48

nerve impulse

Front 49

A series of events in a neuron causes the electrical charge inside the cell to move from its negative resting state to its positive depolarized state and back to its negative resting state. The nerve impulse is called the ____

Back 49

action potential

Front 50

The action potential in a neuron is a process of --

Back 50

polarization, depolarization, and repolarization

Front 51

____ characterizes the resting state of the neuron. When the neuron is _____, the inside of the neuron is more negative than the outside. As long as the neuron is _____, no nerve impulse is being transmitted. The cell is quiet, or resting.

Back 51

polarization/polarized/polarized

Front 52

When a resting neuron becomes stimulated, the inside changed from negative to positive. This change is called ____

Back 52

depolarization

Front 53

After depolarization of a neuron, very quickly, the inside of the cell again becomes negative. In other words, it returns to its resting state. This return to the resting state is called _____.

Back 53

repolarization

Front 54

Unless the neuron repolarizes, it cannot be stimulated again. The cell's inability to accept another stimulus until it repolarizes is called its ____. This is its unresponsive period.

Back 54

refractory period

Front 55

During the resting state or polarization of a neuron, the ____ tend to leak out of the cell, taking with them the positive charge. This leaves excess anions in the cells which accounts for the negative charge.

Back 55

K+ ions

Front 56

How do ions get into the neuron in such high concentrations to change the charge of the neuron (polarization, depolarization, repolarization)?

Back 56

They are pumped in by an ATP-driven pump in the cell membrane

Front 57

During depolarization when the neuron is stimulated, the neuronal membrane changes in a way that allows _____ to cross the membrane into the cell. ____ is the chief extracellular cation. The flow of this into the cell accounts for the positive charge.

Back 57

sodium ions (Na+)

Front 58

The inward diffusion of Na+ causes ____ of a neuron

Back 58

depolarization

Front 59

During repolarization, the membrane does two things-

Back 59

1.)it stops additional diffusion of Na+ into the cell
2.) it allows the K+ to diffuse out of the cell

Front 60

During repolarization, the outward movement of ____ removes positive charge from the inside of the cell leaving behind the negatively charged anions.

Back 60

K+

Front 61

The outward movement of ____ causes repolarization

Back 61

K+