A&p Ch.3 Cells

Front 1

cytology

Back 1

study of cell structure

Front 2

cell Physiology

Back 2

cell function

Front 3

histology

Back 3

study of anatomy of tissues

Front 4

Robert Hooke

Back 4

compound microscope, cork slices, called box like structures cells

Front 5

Leeuwenhoek

Back 5

First to observe living cells

Front 6

cell theory

Back 6

Rudolph Virchow, "all cells come from cells"(cells reproduce), all organisms made of cells, cells smallest living things/basic units of life

Front 7

prokaryote

Back 7

No nucleus, bacteria, single celled organisms, no organelles, less complex

Front 8

eukaryote

Back 8

Nucleus

Front 9

General cell structure

Back 9

nucleus, cytoplasm (cytosol: holds organelles, organelles), plasma membrane

Front 10

nucleus

Back 10

control center, contains genes, double membrane, pores allow macromolecules to pass through, chromatins (DNA bound to proteins)

Front 11

lysosome

Back 11

gets rid of toxins, digest macromolecules

Front 12

mitochondria

Back 12

produce energy, smooth outer membrane, folded inner membrane (christae) encloses mitochondrial matrix

Front 13

fluid mosaic model

Back 13

fluid (molecules move past each other within membrane)
Mosaic (mix of molecular components)

Front 14

plasma membrane

Back 14

flexible, sturdy barrier, contains cytoplasm, selectively permeable, phospholipid bilayer

Front 15

passive transport

Back 15

No energy, movement across membrane, eg. simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion

Front 16

simple diffusion

Back 16

diffusion through membrane, selective permeability, diffusion requires concentration gradient, water and lipid soluble molecules move freely, others may move through specific channels

Front 17

facilitated diffusion

Back 17

No energy, transport molecules used, integral proteins, diffuse down concentration gradient

Front 18

factors affecting diffusion

Back 18

increase temp, greater concentration gradient, larger surface area, particle size, time

Front 19

osmosis

Back 19

diffusion of water from area of low solute concentration to higher solute concentration, polar molecules use aquaporin channels (AQP)

Front 20

isotonic

Back 20

same, most optimal

Front 21

hypotonic

Back 21

low, cell swells or bursts (hemolysis)

Front 22

hypertonic

Back 22

high, sell shrinks (crenation)

Front 23

active transport

Back 23

Some can't passively cuz too big or against gradient, energy needed, exo and endocytosis

Front 24

exocytosis

Back 24

transport outside cell

Front 25

endocytosis

Back 25

transport inside cell

Front 26

cytoplasm

Back 26

cytosol, mostly water, carbs, lipids, and inorganic substances, metabolic reactions occur

Front 27

ribosome

Back 27

protein synthesis, free (cytoplasm) and bound (er), rRNA

Front 28

nuclear envelope

Back 28

lined by nuclear lamina ( filaments: maintain shape)

Front 29

chromatin organization

Back 29

When cell prepares to divide, chromatins coil to Form chromosomes

Front 30

er

Back 30

membrane connected tubes, rough and smooth

Front 31

smooth er

Back 31

lacks ribosomes, enzymes synthesizes lipids and detoxify, metabolic processes,

Front 32

rough er

Back 32

ribosomes, synthesize proteins, secretion of proteins, membrane factory

Front 33

golfing complex

Back 33

delivery, separates proteins and lipids from er, modifies, and packages in vesicles

Front 34

cytoskeleton

Back 34

network of fibers, organizes structures, microtubules (large hollow tubes), intermediate filaments (medium), microfilaments (small, actin), structural support, maintains shape, dynamic (allows changes of shape)

Front 35

centrosomes

Back 35

In cytoplasm, contains centrioles, spindle fibers for division

Front 36

microtubules

Back 36

Central structural supports in cilia and flagella, propell

Front 37

cilia

Back 37

cell surface, large number, propell substancez along surface

Front 38

flagella

Back 38

one, longer, propell through (sperm)