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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Tissues that compose bone |
Osseous. Cartilage. Deep connective. Epithelium. Adipose. Nervous. |
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Skeletal system functions |
Support. Protection. Movement. Mineral homeostasis. Blood cell production. Triglyceride storage. |
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Parts of a long bone |
Diaphysis (shaft). Proximal & distal epiphyses (ends). Metaphyses. Articular cartilage. Periosteum. Medullary (marrow) cavity. Endosteum. |
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Cells in bone tissue |
Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoblasts (bone building) Osteocytes (maintenance) Osteoclasts (bone destroying) |
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What does extracellular matrix of bone contain? |
Mineral salts (mainly hydroxyapatite) Collagen fibers |
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Compact bone tissue location |
Consists of osteons (haversian systems). Little space btw. Them. In epiphyses: lies over spongy tissue. In diaphysis: most of bone tissue |
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Compact bone tissue location |
Consists of osteons (haversian systems). Little space btw. Them. In epiphyses: lies over spongy tissue. In diaphysis: most of bone tissue |
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Compact bone tissue function |
Strongest form of bone. Protects. Supports. Resists stress. |
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Spongy bone tissue |
Trabeculae. No osteons. Structure of short. Flat. Irregular bones. Interior of epiphyses in long bone. |
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Spongy bone tissue function |
Resistance along stress lines. Support. Protect red bone marrow. Make bones lighter for easier movement. |
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What arteries supply long bone? |
Periosteal. Nutrient. Metaphyseal. Epiphyseal arteries. |
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When is bone development in embryo? |
6th- 7th week |
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What cell initiates calcification? |
Osteoblasts (Bone building) |
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Spongy bone tissue location |
Bone interior Protected by a covering of compact bone tissue. Where bones not heavily stressed |
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Spongy bone tissue composition |
Consists of lamellae Lamellae are arranged in irregular pattern of thin columns called trabeculae |
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What's located in spaces btw. Trabeculae in spongy bone tissue? |
Big spaces. Spaces filled with: 1. Red bone marrow for bones that make blood cells or 2. Yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) |
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Difference btw. Spongy & compact bone tissue |
Spongy: light. Reduces weight of bone. Trabeculae protects red bone marrow. |
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Difference btw. Spongy & compact bone tissue |
Spongy: light. Reduces weight of bone. Trabeculae protects red bone marrow. |
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Where is red bone marrow stored? |
Hip bones. Ribs. Sternum. Vertebrae. Proximal ends of humerus & femur. |
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Difference btw. Spongy & compact bone tissue |
Spongy: light. Reduces weight of bone. Trabeculae protects red bone marrow. |
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Where is red bone marrow stored? |
Hip bones. Ribs. Sternum. Vertebrae. Proximal ends of humerus & femur. |
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Hemopoiesis |
Blood cell production
At bone marrow site |
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Compact bone tissue composition |
Osteons-- concentric lamellae-- central canal |
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Compact bone tissue composition |
Osteons-- concentric lamellae-- central canal |
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Btw. Concentric lamellae is |
Lacunae. Small spaces. Contain osteocytes. |
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What radiates from lacunae? |
Canaliculi Filled w. Extracellular fluid. |
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Osteon organization not static
TF |
True |
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Interstitial lamellae |
Lamellae. Areas btw. Neighboring osteons. Fragments of older osteons. |
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Open (compound) fracture |
Both ends of bone protrude through skin |
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Comminuted fracture |
Bone is crushed into small pieces |
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Greenstick fracture |
Partial fracture 1 side of bones broken, other side bends In children only |
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Impacted fracture |
1 end of bone driven into interior of the other bone |
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Pott fracture |
Fracture of distal end of fibula w damage to tibial articulation. |
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Colles fracture |
Fracture of distal end of radius. Fragment displaced posteriorly. |
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Fracture repair: reactive phase |
Fracture hematoma |
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Fracture repair: reactive phase |
Fracture hematoma |
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Fracture repair: reparative phase |
Fibrocartilaginous callus & bony callus |
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Fracture repair: reactive phase |
Fracture hematoma |
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Fracture repair: reparative phase |
Fibrocartilaginous callus & bony callus |
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Fracture repair: bone remodeling phase |
Thickened area on bone surface indicates healed fracture |
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Do parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and Vit. D increase or decrease blood Ca level? |
PTH: increase blood Ca CT: decrease blood Ca Vit. D: increase blood Ca by increasing absorption |
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Demineralization |
Main effect of aging. Loss of Ca from bones. Reduced osteoblast activity. |
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