A&p Ch 5: Integumentary System

Front 1

During the winter months, populations living in cold climates show greater frequency of broken bones than populations living in warm, sunny climates. What might be a possible solution to this problem?

Back 1

a dietary supplement of cholecalciferol (is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and phosphorus)

Front 2

Which of the following is not a function of epidermal growth factor (EGF)?

A. promoting the division of germinative cells in the stratum lucium

B. stimulating epidermal repair after injury

C. accelerating production of keratin

D. stimulating synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial glands

Back 2

promoting the division of germinative cells in the stratum lucium (should be promoting the division of germinative cells in the stratum BASALE and stratum SPINOSUM)

Front 3

Merocrine sweat glands are most abundant in the __________.

Back 3

palms of the hands

Front 4

Which of the following glands secretes oil into the hair follicle?

Back 4

sebaceous

Front 5

ear canal Cerumen is produced by glands located in the __________.

Back 5

ear canal

Front 6

The skin can move easily over the underlying muscles because of the loose connective tissue within the __________.

Back 6

hypodermis

Front 7

What type of tissue is the epidermis composed of?

Back 7

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Front 8

The epidermis has several layers. Which layers of the epidermis would be different in thick skin compared to a sample of thin skin?

Back 8

Stratum Lucidum and Stratum Corneum

Front 9

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for water resistance?

Back 9

Stratum Corneum

Front 10

Characteristics Dermis

Back 10

Papilla, Connective Tissue, Blood vessels

Front 11

Characteristics Epidermis

Back 11

Water resistant, stratified squamous epithelium, 4-5 distinct layers, keratinocytes, merkel cells`

Front 12

Every day your epidermis normally sheds dead skin cells. What is the first step in the process by which epidermal cells are replaced?

Back 12

Basal cells in the stratum germinativum divide, adding in new daughter cells and pushing the cells above upward through the layers.

Front 13

Harold has psoriasis, a skin disorder that speeds up the life cycle of the skin cells. The keratinocytes mature too rapidly, and dead skin cells build up on the epidermal surface in scaly patches. How does a cell become keratinized?

Back 13

As the cells migrate through the stratum spinosum, they continue to divide, but when they reach the stratum granulosum, they stop dividing and start producing large amounts of keratin and keratohyalin. As the keratin fibers accumulate (keratinization), the nuclei and organelles disintegrate, and the cell dies.

Front 14

One of the more interesting treatments for psoriasis involves the use of the “doctor fish” (Garra rufa). Psoriasis sufferers will submerge themselves in a tank filled with these tiny fish. The fish nibble away at the outermost layer of the epidermis, removing dead skin cells and the scaly psoriasis patches. Which layer of the epidermis is the “doctor fish” removing?

Back 14

stratum corneum

Front 15

Psoriasis is a debilitating condition marked by chronic inflammation. In healthy skin, inflammation is part of the normal response to an injury. What is the next step to follow inflammation during tissue repair?

Back 15

The next step is the migratory phase. Following the formation of a scab, phagocytic cells clear debris while cells from the stratum basale migrate along the edges of the wound. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells divide, producing mobile cells that invade the deeper areas of the wound, and vessel endothelial cells divide to repair damaged blood vessels.

Front 16

The epidermis receives blood containing oxygen and nutrients from which of the following?

Back 16

from arteries in the connective tissue below

Front 17

Normally, how long do skin cells last before being shed or sloughed off?

Back 17

21–24 days

Front 18

Ultraviolet light causes production of vitamin D3 in the cells of the __________.

Back 18

epidermis

Front 19

Healthy skin cells require a constant supply of blood. In decubitus ulcers, or bed sores, this blood supply is hindered because superficial blood vessels are compressed. Which layer(s) of the skin hold(s) such compressed blood vessels?

Back 19

the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis

Front 20

Two women are comparable in age, body conformation, and are pregnant at the same time, but one experiences stretch marks, while the other does not. What would be a possible hypothesis for why there was an observed difference?

Back 20

The woman with stretch marks has a greater collagen-to-elastic fiber ratio.

Front 21

The skin layer just beneath the stratum basale is the __________ layer.

Back 21

papillary

Front 22

Which of the following glands secrete a thick odorous secretion into the hair follicle?

Back 22

apocrine

Front 23

During which phase of injury has the scab been undermined by migrating epidermal cells resulting in decreased phagocytic activity and breaking down of the fibrin clot?

Back 23

proliferation

Front 24

Skin color may have a diagnostic function. Imagine one of your friends has an obvious orange tint to her skin. What would be a logical conclusion of your observation?

Back 24

She may have a real taste for consuming carrots.

Front 25

In a second-degree burn, the entire epidermis and perhaps some of the dermis are damaged. Which of the following functions of the skin is NOT typically affected by a second-degree burn?

Back 25

storage of lipids in the hypodermis

Front 26

Some burn victims benefit from skin grafts cultured from their own skin cells. Which skin cells are the most likely candidates for such a culture?

Back 26

basal cells