A&p Ch 18

Front 1

Mediating motor molecule that is released in one part of the body but regulates activity of cells in other parts of hte body. Enters through the blood stream.

Back 1

Hormone

Front 2

2 types of glands

Back 2

Exocrine and Endocrine

Front 3

Secrete their products into ducts that carry the sectetions into body cavieies, into the lumen of an organ, or to the outer surface of the. Sudoriferous, sebaceous, mucous, and digestive.

Back 3

Exocrine Glands

Front 4

Secrete their hormones into the interstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells. Then hormones difuse into capillaries and blood carries them away. Requires very little.

Back 4

Endocrine Glands

Front 5

Types of Endocrine glands

Back 5

Pituitaty, Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal.

Front 6

If a hormone is present in excess, the number of target cell receptors may decrease.

Back 6

Down Regulation

Front 7

When a hormone is deficient, the number of receptors may increase.

Back 7

Up Regulation

Front 8

These hormones pass from the sectetory cells that make them into interstitial fluid and then into the blood. Includes most hormones.

Back 8

Circulating Hormones

Front 9

Act locally on neghboring cells or on the same cell that secreted them wthout first entering the bloodstream.

Back 9

Local Hormones

Front 10

Types of Local Hormones

Back 10

Paracrines and Autocrines

Front 11

Local hormones that act on neighboring cells.

Back 11

Paracrines

Front 12

Local Hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them.

Back 12

Autocrines

Front 13

Local hormones are inactivated...

Back 13

Quickly

Front 14

Circulating Hormones are inactivated by the ___ and excreted by the ____.

Back 14

Liver - Kidneys

Front 15

Chemically, hormones can be divide into two broad classes

Back 15

Those soluable in Lipids, and those soluable in Water

Front 16

Types of lipid solluable hormones

Back 16

Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and nitric oxide

Front 17

Types of Water soluble Hormones

Back 17

Amine Hormones, Peptide and Protein Hormones, and Eicosanoid hormones.

Front 18

Water soluble hormones flow through the blood plama in the ____ form, whle lipid soluble are bound to ____.

Back 18

Free - Transport Protiens

Front 19

Transport Proteins are synthesized by cells in the

Back 19

Liver

Front 20

3 Functions of Transport Proteins

Back 20

1.Make Lipid soluble hormones temporarily water soluble. Increasing blood solubility.
2. Retard passage of small hormone molecules through the filtering mechanism in the kidnesys, slowing the rate of loss in the urine.
3. They provide a ready reserve of hormone, already present in the blood.

Front 21

Action of a lipid soluble hormone

Back 21

Lipid soluble hormone diffues through the lipid bilyar into the cell. It binds to receptors and activates them within the cytosol of nucleus. Gene expression is altered. DNA is transcribed, mRNA is formed, leaves the nucleus, and synthesizes protien, which alters the function of the cell.

Front 22

Action of Water Soluble Hormone

Back 22

Look In Book

Front 23

The responsiveness of a hormone depends on

Back 23

1. The hormone's concentration
2. The abundance of the target cell's horomone receptors
3. Influences exreted by other hormones.

Front 24

The actions of some hormones on target cells require a simultaneous or recent exposure to a second hormone

Back 24

Permissive Effect

Front 25

The release of most hormones occure in

Back 25

Short bursts, with little or no secretion between bursts

Front 26

Hormone secretions is regulated by

Back 26

1. Signals from the nervous system.
2. Chemical changes in the blood.
3. Other hormones

Front 27

Most hormonal regulatory systems work via

Back 27

Negative Feedback

Front 28

Major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

Back 28

Hypothalmus

Front 29

Connects the pituitary gland and the hypothalmus

Back 29

Infundibulum

Front 30

The anterior pituitary develops from an outgrowth of

Back 30

Ectoderm called the hypophyseal pouch in the roof of the mouth

Front 31

The posterior pituitary develops from

Back 31

an ectoderm outgrowth, the neurohypophyseal bud

Front 32

The axon terminals in the posterior pituitary are asociated with specialized neuroglia caled

Back 32

pituicytes

Front 33

The third region of the pituitary, atrophies during human fetal develpment and ceases to exist as a separate lobe in adults

Back 33

Pars intermedia

Front 34

Release of anterior pituitary hormones is stimulated by....and surpresed by.....

Back 34

Releasing Hormone/Inhibiting Hormone

Front 35

Releasing Hormone and Inhibiting Hormones originate in the

Back 35

Hypothalmus

Front 36

Hypothalamic hormones reach the anterior pituitary through a

Back 36

Portal System

Front 37

Portal system track

Back 37

Blood flows from one capillary netwrok into a portal vein, and then into a second capillary network, without passing through the heart.

Front 38

Hypophyseal Portal System Tract

Back 38

Blood flows from capillaries in teh hypothalmus into portal veins that carry blood to capillaries of the anterior pituitary

Front 39

Cells that synthesize the hypothalamic realising and inhibiting hormoes in their cell body and package the hormones inside vesicles,which reach the axon terminals by axonal transport.

Back 39

Neurosecretory cells

Front 40

Hormones that influence another endocrine gland

Back 40

Tropic Hormones

Front 41

Secretion of anterior pituitary hormones is regulated in two ways

Back 41

1. Neurosecretory cells in teh hypothalmus secrete five releasing and two inhibiting hormones, which stimulate and suppress secretion of the Anterior Pituitary.
2. Negative feedback in the form of hormones relesed by target glands decreases secretions of three types of anterior pituitary cells.

Front 42

The most numerious cells in the Anterior Pituitary

Back 42

Somatotrophs

Front 43

The main function of hGH is to promote the synthesis of small protein hormones called

Back 43

Insulinlike Growth Factors

Front 44

IGF's cause cells to grow and mulitiply by

Back 44

Increasing the uptake of amino acids into cells and accelerating protein synthesis

Front 45

Somatotroph secretory activity is controlled by

Back 45

GHRH and GHIH