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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fermentation |
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
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Cellular Respiration |
The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel |
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Redox Reactions |
A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction |
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Oxidation |
The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction |
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Reduction |
The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction |
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Reducing Agent |
The electron donor in a redox reaction |
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Oxidizing Agent |
The electron acceptor in a redox reaction |
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NAD+ |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in all plant cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism |
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Electron Transport Chain |
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release enery used to make ATP |
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Glycolysis |
The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. It is the one metabolic pathway that occurs in all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration |
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Citric Acid Cycle |
A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major step in cellular respiration |
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Oxidative Phosphorylation |
The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain |
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Substrate-level Phosphorylation |
The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism
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