Ap Biology (Basic Principles Of Animal Form And Function: 40.5)

Front 1

Thermoregulation

Back 1

the maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range

Front 2

Ectotherms

Back 2

an animal, such as a reptile (other than birds), fish or amphibian, that must use environmental energy and behavioral adaptations to regulate its body temperature

Front 3

Endotherms

Back 3

an animal, such as a bird or mammal, that uses metabolic heat to regulate body temperature

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Integumentary System

Back 4

the outer covering of a mammal's body, including skin, hair, and nails

Front 5

Vasodilation

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an increase in the diameter of superficial blood vessels triggered by nerve signals that relax the muscles of the vessel walls

Front 6

Vasoconstriction

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a decrease in the diameter of superficial blood vessels triggered by nerve signals that contract that muscles of the vessel walls

Front 7

Countercurrent Heat Exchanger

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an arrangement of blood vessels that helps trap heat in the body core and is important in reducing heat loss in many endotherms

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Nonshivering Thermogenesis (NST)

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the increased production of heat in some mammals by the action of certain hormones that cause mitochondria to increase their metabolic activity and produce heat instead of ATP

Front 9

Brown Fat

Back 9

a tissue in some mammals, located in the neck and between the shoulders, that is specialized for rapid heat production

Front 10

Acclimatization

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physiological adjustment to a change in an environmental factor

Front 11

Stress-Induced Proteins

Back 11

molecules, including heat-shock proteins, that are produced within cells in response to exposure to marked increases in temperature and other forms of severe stress, such as toxins, rapid pH changes, and viral infections

Front 12

Heat-Shock Proteins

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A protein that helps protect other proteins during heat stress. Heat-shock proteins are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Front 13

Torpor

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in animals, a physiological state that conserves energy by slowing down metabolism

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Hibernation

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a physiological state that allows survival during long periods of cold temperatures and reduced food supplies, in which metabolism decreases, the heart and respiratory system slow down, and body temperature is maintained at a lower level than normal

Front 15

Estivation

Back 15

summer torpor; a physiological state that is characterized by slow metabolism and inactivity and that permits survival during long periods of elevated temperature and diminished water supplies

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Daily Torpor

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a daily decrease in metabolic activity and body temperature during times of inactivity for some small mammals and birds