Ap Bio Vocab 1-4

Front 1

DNA

Back 1

the genetic make-up of an organism.

holds the genes in the DNA string

Front 2

adhesion

Back 2

the ability for a substance to stick to another substance, or object

Front 3

carbohydrate

Back 3

a biological compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is an important source of food and energy

Front 4

chitin

Back 4

protective outer covering: a tough semitransparent substance that forms part of the protective outer casing cuticle of some insects and other arthropods, and the cell walls of some fungi

Front 5

cohesion

Back 5

1. joining or working together: the state or condition of joining or working together to form a united whole, or the tendency to do this
2. molecular attraction: the force of attraction by which the molecules of a solid or liquid tend to remain together

Front 6

compound

Back 6

1. mixture: something made by combining two or more things
2. chemistry chemical substance: a substance formed by the chemical combination of elements in fixed proportions

Front 7

condensation reaction

Back 7

a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties (functional groups) combine to form one single molecule, together with the loss of a small molecule.

Front 8

controlled experiment

Back 8

the use of an independent variable and a controlled variable are used. the independent is compared to the controlled

Front 9

covalent bond

Back 9

chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms.

Front 10

dehydration synthesis

Back 10

a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule

Front 11

double helix

Back 11

double spiral structure of DNA: the molecular structure of DNA, consisting of a pair of polynucleotide strands connected by a series of hydrogen bonds and wound in opposing spirals

Front 12

element

Back 12

any substance that cannot be broken down any further from a chemical reaction

Front 13

genes

Back 13

basic unit of heredity: the basic unit capable of transmitting characteristics from one generation to the next. It consists of a specific sequence of DNA or RNA that occupies a fixed position locus on a chromosome.

Front 14

glycogen

Back 14

easily converted store of energy: a polysaccharide found in the liver and muscles that is easily converted to glucose for energy

Front 15

hydrolysis

Back 15

reaction with water: a chemical reaction in which a compound reacts with water, causing decomposition and the production of two or more other compounds, e.g. in the conversion of starch to glucose

Front 16

ionic bond

Back 16

chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation, which is usually a metal, and an anion, which is usually a nonmetal.

Front 17

isomer

Back 17

chemically identical molecule with different structure: each of two or more molecules that have the same number of atoms but have different chemical structures and therefore different properties

Front 18

amino acid

Back 18

constituent of protein: a compound belonging to a class that contains an amino group. Amino acids make up proteins and are important components of cells. Some can be synthesized by the body nonessential amino acids and others must be obtained through the diet essential amino acids.

Front 19

monosaccharide

Back 19

simplest sugar: a simple sugar such as glucose or fructose that cannot be broken down into simpler sugars

Front 20

peptide bond

Back 20

amino bond: a linkage formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid group of another

Front 21

polymer

Back 21

compound with repeating small molecules: a natural or synthetic compound that consists of large molecules made of many chemically bonded smaller identical molecules, e.g. starch and nylon

Front 22

polypeptide bond

Back 22

amino bond: a linkage formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid group of another

Front 23

primary structure

Back 23

the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein

Front 24

protein

Back 24

complex natural compound: a complex natural substance that has a globular or fibrous structure composed of linked amino acids. Proteins are essential to the structure and function of all living cells and viruses.

Front 25

ribose

Back 25

organic sugar: a white crystalline sugar found in all living cells as a constituent of RNA and many other metabolically important compounds, including ribonucleotides, nucleic acids, and riboflavin.

Front 26

starch

Back 26

carbohydrate substance: a natural substance composed of chains of glucose units, made by plants and providing a major energy source for animals. The two main components of starch are amylose and amylopectin.

Front 27

steriod

Back 27

organic compound: any of a large group of natural or synthetic fatty substances containing four carbon rings, including the sex hormones

Front 28

triaglyceride

Back 28

natural fat in tissue: an ester formed from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids, considered to have adverse effects on human health when consumed in excessive amounts. Source: animal and plant fats and oils.