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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome
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Locus
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Single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring - no genetic diversity except with mutation
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Asexual reproduction
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Group of genetically identical individuals
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Clone
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Any cell other than a sperm or an ovum - sizes of chromosomes and the positions of their centromeres differ
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Somatic cell
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Chromosomes that are arranged in pairs, starting with the longest chromosomes
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Karyotype
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Chromosomes that make up a pair - same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
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Homologus Chromosomes
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Cell with a single chromosome set - 23 chromosomes
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Haploid cell
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Fertilized egg - 2 haploid sets of chromosomes
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Zygote
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Zygote and all other cells having two sets of chromosomes - 46 chromosomes
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Diploid cells
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Sexually reproducing organisms that havles the chromosome number in the gametes, compensating for hte doubling that occurs at fertilization
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Meiosis
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Result in 4 daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell
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Meiosis I and II
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Each of the chromosomes replicates - diploid cells centrosomes also replicate
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Interphase
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Chromosomes condense, homologus pair us, synapse (synaptonemal complex-protein) attatch to homologus, SC disappears and 4 clustered chromatids (tetrad) appear, centrosomes move away from each other, nuclear envelope and nucleoli disperse, microtubules capture kinetochores, begin moving on to the metaphase plate - 90% of time required for meisos
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Prophase I
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Sister chromatids move as a single unit along the pole - cell elongates
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Anaphase I
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Each pole has a haploid set; cytokenesis - cleavage furrows and cell plates;
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Telophase I and Cytokenesis
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A crossing of nonsister chromatids, two chromatids belonging to separate but homologus chromosomes in meiosis - made in Prophase I
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Chiasmata
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In Metaphase I - random, two alternative possibilites for each pair, each gamete represents one outcome of all possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes
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Independent Assortment
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Produces recombinant chromosomes, combine genes inherited from our two parents, early in Prophase I and in Metaphase II
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Crossing Over
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A human ovum and a human sperm contain 8 million possible chromosome combinations - zygote with about 64 trillion diploid combinations
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Random Fertilization
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