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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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population
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same species in an area
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community
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all living things in an area
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polymorphism
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variation in organisms in same species in same area
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niche
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any and all factors that organism is effected by or has an effect on in its environment
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organism populations in habitats affected by 2 things
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biotic potential
limiting factors |
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biotic potential
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maximum reproductive rate under ideal conditions
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limiting factors
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any factors that limit population sizes
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abiotic limiting factors
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non-living;
temperature, precipitation, sunlight, soil type, amount, wind, h2o temperature, turbidity, salinity |
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biotic limiting factors
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interactions between organisms
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intraspecific limiting factors
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biotic
between members of the same species; all variations of competition; revolve around population density density dependent |
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interspecific limiting factors
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between members of species
competition; predation; symbiosis |
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intraspecific competition
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use or protection of a resource so as to limit use of a source by another organism
scramble: right time & place pecking order/social hierarchy social stress: density affects behavior emmigration |
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competition between species
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do not want to compete
habitats and resources are divided up |
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Gause's Law
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no 2 species can occupy the same niche at the same time; one is bound to extinction
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Predation
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use of another organism directly for food
the size of the effect depends on specific vs generalist predation |
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Symbiosis
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a close living relationship between organisms of different species
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mutualism
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symbiosis
both organisms benefit lichen - algae ants & aphids |
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commensalism
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one helped the other unaffected
birds + grazing animals |
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Parasitism
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one helped, one hurt
ectoparasites (outside body) endoparasites (inside body) parasites have special structures for attachment big increase in reproduction and attachment structures |
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Distribution
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scattered: even
clumped: micro environments affect distribution or areas in between suck random: regulated by habitat |
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density is limited by ______
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intraspecific competition
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lag phase
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s-curve
low population increase resources available no competition no/low predation slow/low breeding pop. |
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log phase
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s-curve
exponential growth enough breeders to grow fast no/very few limiting factors |
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negative acceleration phase
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s-curve
population growth slows resistances/limiting factors are increasing less food density limits space |
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Stationary phase
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s-curve
population at a level where environment is able to support a max # of individuals balance between biotic potential and limiting factors |
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J-shaped curve
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boom or bust
exponential growth and decline due to density independent factors r-strategists |
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k-strategists
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reproduce later in growing season
fewer offspring/birth more parental care longer developmental time of offspring usually stable habitats |
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r-strategists
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reproduce early in season
more offspring in a birth no parental care fast development of offspring before and after birth generally unstable habitats |
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nutrient cycles
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how matter on earth gets recycled
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atmosphere of nutrient cycle
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gasses
very fast |
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hydrosphere of nutrient cycle
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water cycle
other nutrients that will dissolve in water some get trapped and "become lost" (carbon in carbonates, phosphates precipitate out) |
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lithosphere of nutrient cycle
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land
sloooow nutrients "get lost" but bound into compounds and made unavailable |
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____ is the ultimate energy source for all organisms
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light
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energy ____ through ecosystems and out. It is not ______
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flows, cycled
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