Ap Bio: Ecology (Chapters 50-55)

Front 1

population

Back 1

group of individuals of the same species

Front 2

community

Back 2

assemblage of populations of different species

Front 3

ecosystem

Back 3

all abiotic factors and community in an area

Front 4

abiotic factors

Back 4

biosphere
biome
temperature
water
light
wind
rocks and soil
periodic disturbances

Front 5

thermal stratification

Back 5

vertical temperature layering

Front 6

detritus

Back 6

dead organic matter

Front 7

littoral zone

Back 7

shallow water close to shore

Front 8

limnetic zone

Back 8

well-lit open water farther from shore

Front 9

profundal zone

Back 9

deep, aphotic waters

Front 10

thermocline

Back 10

narrow layer, rapid temperature change

Front 11

oligotrophic lake

Back 11

deep waters, nutrient poor

Front 12

eutrophic lake

Back 12

shallow waters, nutrient rich

Front 13

mesotrophic

Back 13

moderate productivity

Front 14

intertidal zones

Back 14

area where land meets water

Front 15

neritic zone

Back 15

shallow regions over continental shelves

Front 16

oceanic zone

Back 16

very deep water past the continental shelves

Front 17

pelagic zone

Back 17

open water of any depth

Front 18

benthic zone

Back 18

sea floor bottom

Front 19

abyssal zone

Back 19

benthic region in deep oceans

Front 20

tropical forests

Back 20

equator
most complex
constant temperature and rainfall
canopy

Front 21

savanna

Back 21

tropical grassland with scattered trees
occasional fire and drought
large herbivores
forbs?

Front 22

desert

Back 22

sparse rainfall
widely scattered shrubs

Front 23

chaparral

Back 23

spiny evergreens at midlatitudes along coasts
fire-adapted vegetation

Front 24

temperate grassland

Back 24

all grasses
seasonal drought
occasional fires
relative cool regions

Front 25

temperate deciduous forest

Back 25

midlatitude regions
broad-leaf deciduous trees

Front 26

taiga

Back 26

cone-bearing trees/coniferous forest

Front 27

tundra

Back 27

permafrost, very little precipitation

Front 28

wetlands

Back 28

areas covered withwater and supporting water plants
important to flood control and water quality

Front 29

estuaries

Back 29

where a freshwater river meets and ocean
highly productive

Front 30

principle of allocation

Back 30

used to analyze how an organism divides its limited energy among reproduction, eaitng, growing, escaping from predators, and homeostasis
REGEH

Front 31

regulator

Back 31

organism able to regulate its behavior and physiology and therefore able to adapt;
not much of its energy budget can be allocated to reproduction

Front 32

acclimation

Back 32

can extent the tolerance limit of an organism

Front 33

conformer

Back 33

needs a specific area and environment that stays constant with little change (eg a coral reef)

Front 34

upwellings

Back 34

bring nutrient rich water to the surface

Front 35

agnostic behavior

Back 35

involves a contest to determine which competitor gains access to a resource

Front 36

dominance hierarchies

Back 36

eg wolf packs

Front 37

promiscuous

Back 37

no strong pair bonds forming

Front 38

polygynous

Back 38

one male and many females

Front 39

polyandrous

Back 39

one female and many males

Front 40

migrations

Back 40

long-distance regular movements often involving a round trip each year

Front 41

piloting

Back 41

traveling from one familiar landmark to another

Front 42

orientation

Back 42

an animal detects compass directions and moves in a straight path towards its destination

Front 43

navigation

Back 43

ability to detect compass direction and to determine present location relative to a destination (a map sense)

Front 44

nitrogen fixation

Back 44

soil bacteria and symbiotic bacteria in root nodules fix nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems

Front 45

nitrification

Back 45

some soil bacteria oxidize ammonium to nitrite and nitrate