Ap-Bio: Chapter's, Ecology (1 And 50)

Front 1

What are 7 properties of life?

Back 1

- Evolutionary adaption
- Order
- Regulation
- Energy
- Growth and Developement
- Response to the Environment
- Reproduction

Front 2

what are emergent properties?

Back 2

This is when individual compnents come together to create a interactive function.

Front 3

What is the definition of a Biosphere?

Back 3

All the earth's environment.

Front 4

What is the definition of a Ecosystem?

Back 4

This is ll living things.

Front 5

What is the definition of a community?

Back 5

an area in a specific eco-system that inhabits a diverse amunt of species.

Front 6

What is the definition of a population?

Back 6

This is all individual species that are in the same area.

Front 7

What is the definition of a Organism?

Back 7

an individual living thing

Front 8

What is the definition of Organs?

Back 8

a Body part with 2 or more tissues.

Front 9

what is the definition of organ systems?

Back 9

a group of organs working together for a specific function.

Front 10

what is the definition of a tissue?

Back 10

All group of tissues have a similar cell. All of each tissue has a cellular structure.

Front 11

what is the definition of a cell?

Back 11

this is life's fundamental unit of structure.

Front 12

what is the definition of organelle?

Back 12

the various function components.

Front 13

what is the definition of a molecule?

Back 13

this is a clinical structure that has two or more small chemical units (atoms)

Front 14

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Back 14

a sub-divided by an internal membrane that contains DNA in the nucleus.

Front 15

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Back 15

The DNA isn't seperate from other organelles.

Front 16

What is DNA?

Back 16

deoxyribonucleic acid, it makes chromosomes.

Front 17

What is a gene?

Back 17

the unit that transmits information from the parents to offspring.

Front 18

What is a genome?

Back 18

the organism inherits an entire "library" of genetic instructure

Front 19

What is negative feedback?

Back 19

lowers population density.

Front 20

What is positive feedback?

Back 20

raises population density.

Front 21

what are the three domain kingdoms?

Back 21

- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya

Front 22

What are the two main points that Darwin wrote in "The Origin of Species"

Back 22

1. show evidence to show animals came originally from others.
2. Was to show natural selection

Front 23

What are the levels of biological organization in desending order?

Back 23

- Biosphere
- Ecosystem
- community
- population
- organism
- organs/organ system
- tissues
- cells
- organelles
- molecules

Front 24

What is Taxonomy?

Back 24

This is a breif classification table of all organisms

Front 25

what are domains?

Back 25

The highest taxonomic rank, higher system than kingdom

Front 26

What are kingdoms?

Back 26

A taxonomic rank, the organisms spectrum cut into groups

Front 27

What is evolution?

Back 27

A change in the genes within a population over time.

Front 28

In evolution, what are the common ancestors?

Back 28

This is the common (orignal) form of a species as evolution has made many differences.

Front 29

In evolution, what is natural selection?

Back 29

This is the differential and reproduction of classes of orgnaism, where some have more heritable characteristics than others.

Front 30

What is the cell theroy?

Back 30

the idea that cells are the basic unit sturcture for every living thing.

Front 31

What is Regulation Mechanisms?

Back 31

this is regulating an orgamisms internal systems by making a narrow limit, despite environmental change.

Front 32

What are emergent properties?

Back 32

individual components come together in an environment to cause an interactive function and properties.

Front 33

What is a energy requirement?

Back 33

The amount of energy need for an organisms survived.

Front 34

What is the scientific method?

Back 34

a proccess/princibles that are necessary for scientific investigation.

Front 35

What is the discovery science?

Back 35

This is a scientifical mothed that is based on many expironments looking for patterns and similarities.

Front 36

what is hypothesis-based science? (deductive)

Back 36

This is an educated guess and drawing a conclusion to it.

Front 37

What is hypothesis based science, based on?

Back 37

observation.

Front 38

Whatis a hypothesis?

Back 38

using observations and inquires to find a cause or explaination.

Front 39

in a hypothesis, what is falsifiable?

Back 39

a hypothesis is capable of being falsified.

Front 40

in a method, what is a controlled experiment?

Back 40

an expirment where the is one that is completely unchanged with another expirment to show difference between the two.

Front 41

in a method, what is a repeatable?

Back 41

this is when the same expirment is tested over and over again to make sure it's correct information.

Front 42

what is the difference between theory and fact?

Back 42

a fact has been supports by many test and is considered correct. a theory has not been supported anough to be considered a fact but has ecidence that it very well could be.

Front 43

What is ecology?

Back 43

this is the interaction of distribution of organisms and their abundance.

Front 44

what is evolution biology? (Darwin)

Back 44

This is a time frame showing how as time goes on the effect of evolutionary change through time. Darwin is the man who made extinsive observations of adaptation and found the start of evolution.

Front 45

what is an abiotic factor?

Back 45

this is a nonliving factors that effects the distribution of organisms.

Front 46

list all abiotic factors

Back 46

- Temperature
- Water
- Sunlight
- Wind
- Rock and soil
- Climate

Front 47

What is a biotic factor?

Back 47

living components or all living organisms that effect distribution

Front 48

List all biotic factors

Back 48

- predation
- parasitism
- disease
- competition
- food resource

Front 49

what is organismal ecology?

Back 49

these are sub-divided into disciplines of physiology ecology, evolutionary ecology and behavioral ecology, organism's structure, physiology and animal's behavior

Front 50

what is population?

Back 50

a group of individuals that are the same species that inhabit a specific area.

Front 51

what is population ecology?

Back 51

concentrates on all organisms of all species that inhabit a specific area.

Front 52

what is a community?

Back 52

this is all organisms of all species that live in a particular area.

Front 53

what is community ecology?

Back 53

this deals with all the interactions in a community.things like biotics factors and abiotic factors that effect the distribution.

Front 54

what is an ecosystem?

Back 54

this is all the abiotic factors with the addition of communtities of species in a certain area.

Front 55

what is ecosystem ecology?

Back 55

consists on energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic factors.

Front 56

what is Landscape ecology?

Back 56

all arrays of ecosystems. every landscape and seascape of consists of different types of environment characteristics.

Front 57

what is patchiness?

Back 57

used by ecologists to references different types of environmental characteristics.

Front 58

what is a biosphere?

Back 58

the global ecosystem with the sums of all ecosystems within it.

Front 59

what is despersal and distribution?

Back 59

this is the movement of high population density or from their area of origin.

Front 60

Distribution: what's the difference between natural expansions and transplant expansion?

Back 60

natural: ones are rare but it spreads the species to place where they were never before.

Transplant: it's transporting native organisms (accidentally or intentionally) and for it to become successful they must survive and reproduce.these can backfire.

Front 61

how can behavior effect distribution?

Back 61

even though the habitat could be substainable for the species, the species won't take that range for behavioral reasons

Front 62

what is a biome?

Back 62

these are major types of ecological associations that occupy a broad graphical region of land or water.

Front 63

list all aquatic biomes

Back 63

- Lakes
- Wetland
- Streams and Rivers
- Estuaries
- Intertidal
- Oceanic Pelagic
- Coral Reef
- Marine Benthic

Front 64

List all land biomes

Back 64

- Tropical Forest
- Desert
- Savanna
- Chaparral
- Temperate Grassland
- Coniferous Forest
- Temperate Broadleaf Forest
- Tundra

Front 65

what are the characteristics of physical environment with lakes?

Back 65

physical features: ponds are only a few square meters, lakes thousands of squ. meters

Front 66

what are the characteristics of chemical environment with lakes?

Back 66

Chemical environment: there are huge differs between lakes on salt, oxygen and nutrient conent with each lake or pond.

Front 67

what are the characteristics of geologic features with lakes?

Back 67

geologic features: oligotroph lakes tend to to have less surface areas

Front 68

what are the characteristics of photosynthetic organisms with lakes?

Back 68

photosynthetic organisms: eutrophic lakes have > amount of oxygen than oligotroph lakes. Littoral zones are shallow and are well lighted (closer to shore). Limnetic zone are so deep to support rooted aquatic plants.

Front 69

what are the characteristics of animals with lakes?

Back 69

Animals: limnetic zone have small drifting fish and zooplankton. Benthic zones are various amounts of invertebrates and fish. Fish live in lakes with sufficient amount of oxygen.

Front 70

what are the characteristics of human impact with lakes?

Back 70

Human impact: pollution from fertilized lands and dumping have caused oxygen depletion and fish kills.

Front 71

what are the characteristics of physical environment with wetlands

Back 71

covered with water fr long period time t support aquatic life.

Front 72

what are the characteristics of chemical environment with wetlands

Back 72

high organic production and decomposition both water and soil have low dissolved oxygen. High capacity of nutrients and pollutants.

Front 73

what are the characteristics of Geologic features with wetlands

Back 73

have shallow basins ranging upland to filled in lakes and ponds. can occur along the coast of rivers and oceans.

Front 74

what are the characteristics of Phsynthetic organisms with wetlands

Back 74

woody plants dominate these areas and many plants grow there. Bogs are domnated by sphagnum mosses

Front 75

what are the characteristics of Anmals with wetlands?

Back 75

has a diverse community of invertebates and species.

Front 76

what are the characteristics of Human impact with wetlands?

Back 76

draining an flling have destroyed 90% of wetand regions.

Front 77

what are the characteristics of physical environment with Streams and rivers?

Back 77

steams ae generally cold, clear, turbulent and swift. rivers are more wide, warmer and more turbid.

Front 78

what are the characteristics of chemical environment with Streams and rivers?

Back 78

salt and nutrient content is often low and rich with oxygen except of organic enrichment from natural human.

Front 79

what are the characteristics of geologic features with Streams and rivers?

Back 79

streams are narrow wth rocky bottoms and alternating between riffles and pools. Rivers are wide and meandering with silty bottoms from sediments.

Front 80

what are the characteristics of photosynthetic with Streams and rivers?

Back 80

head watere strams that flow through grassland and deserts are filled with algea. streams the flow through forest or temperates have leaves and other organic plants which is the primary source of food. Rivers have organic matter consisting of dissolved fragments from forst head water stream

Front 81

what are the characteristics of human impact with Streams and rivers?

Back 81

Municipal, agricultural and industrial pollution degrade to water quality and kill aquatic organisms.

Front 82

what are the characteristics of animals with Streams and rivers?

Back 82

- great diversity of fish and invertibrates
- distrbution through verticle zone

Front 83

what are the characteristics of physical environment with Estuaries?

Back 83

- a transition from between river and sea.
- very complex flow patterns
- sea water flows up estuary channel when tides rise; goes down during falling tides
- high density sea water at the bottom; lower density river water at top.
- this forms a mixing layer

Front 84

what are the characteristics of chemical environment with Estuaries?

Back 84

- salinity varies by space; from that of the sea water to the river water.
- salinity also varies by the rising and falling tides.
- nutirents from the river makes estuaries one of the most productive biomes.

Front 85

what are the characteristics of geological features with Estuaries?

Back 85

- flow patterns combined with sediments of the rivers and tides of the ocean creates a complex network of tidal channels, islands, natural levees and mudflats

Front 86

what are the characteristics of photosynthetic organisms with Estuaries?

Back 86

major producers = saltmarch, algea, and phytoplankton

Front 87

what are the characteristics of animals with Estuaries?

Back 87

- has abundance of crabs, worms, oyster and many different kinds of fish
- many invertibrates and fish breed here because of abundance of food.
- others use these to migrate to fresh water habitats
- crucial areas for semi-aquatic vertibrates

Front 88

what are the characteristics of human impact with Estuaries?

Back 88

- pollution from up stream and filling has disrupted estaries.

Front 89

what are the characteristics of physical environmental with Intertidal Zones?

Back 89

Intertidal zone- periodical submerge; exposed twice a day by tides
- upper zone is exposed longer to air and higher variation of physical environment
- upper zone has variation os temperature, salinity and wave action.
- lower zone limit the distributions pf many organisms

Front 90

what are the characteristics of chemical environmental with Intertidal Zones?

Back 90

- oxygen and nutrient rates are high
- these are renewed each turn of the tides.

Front 91

what are the characteristics of geologic features with Intertidal Zones?

Back 91

- substrate =generally rocky or sandy
- the configuration of the coast line determines the magnitude of tides and exposure of organisms to wave

Front 92

what are the characteristics of photosynthetic organisms with Intertidal Zones?

Back 92

- high diversity of aglea attach to the zone; more the lower zone.
- sandy zones with vigorous wave action don't have much algea attached
-sandy zones the aren't exposed to waves are rish with algea.

Front 93

what are the characteristics of Animals with Intertidal Zones?

Back 93

comon aninals = sponges, sea anemones, molluscs, echinoderms and small fishes.
- many animals here have structural adaptations
- most of these bury themselves in the mud; feed when the tide comes in.

Front 94

what are the characteristics of human impact with Intertidal Zones?

Back 94

oil pollution has disrupted many of these biomes.

Front 95

what are the characteristics of physical environment with Oceanic Pelagic?

Back 95

oceanic pelagic biome - a vast realm of water, that is constantly mixed.
- the surface temp turn over during the fall through spring.
- photic zone extends to greater depths because of higher water clarity.

Front 96

what are the characteristics of chemical environment with Oceanic Pelagic?

Back 96

- oxygen levels are generally high
- nutrient concentration is generally low
- turnover during fall through spring renew nutrient in photic zone.

Front 97

what are the characteristics of geological features with Oceanic Pelagic?

Back 97

- most prominent characteristic = vastness and the great depth
- covers 70% of the earth surface
- average depth 4,000 m
- deepest is more than 100,000

Front 98

what are the characteristics of photosynthetic organisms with Oceanic Pelagic?

Back 98

- phytoplankton is the dominant phtotsunthetic organism
- photosythetic bacteria flows through current
- the renewal of nutrients produce a major growth of plytoplankton

Front 99

what are the characteristics of animals with Oceanic Pelagic?

Back 99

most abundance = protozoans, worms, copepods, krill, jellie and small larvae
- also include free-swimming animals.

Front 100

what are the characteristics of human impact with Oceanic Pelagic?

Back 100

it had been polluted by waste dumping and oil spills.
over fishing has depleted fish stocks.

Front 101

what are the characteristics of physical environment with Coral Reef?

Back 101

- limited to photic zone
-needs to be stable tropical marine environment and high clarity
- sensitive temperature below 18-20 celcius degrees and higher than 30 celcius degrees

Front 102

what are the characteristics of chemical environment with Coral Reef?

Back 102

- requires high amount of oxygen
- are excluded by high inputs of fresh water and nutirents

Front 103

what are the characteristics of geologic features with Coral Reef?

Back 103

coral reef - made by calcium carbonate skeleton of corals
- develope over a long time on oceanic island

- requires a solid substrate

Front 104

what are the characteristics of photosynthetic organisms with Coral Reef?

Back 104

- uncellular algea live within the coral
- diverse red and green algea contribute to a huge amount of photosynthesis.

Front 105

what are the characteristics of animals with Coral Reef?

Back 105

- diverse group of cnidarians are predominant
- fish and invertibrates are highly diverse

Front 106

what are the characteristics of human impact with Coral Reef?

Back 106

- reduced by poisoning, explosion, coral collecting and over fishing.
- global pollution has cause coral mortality.