Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
catabolic pathways
|
breaking down
|
|
fermentation
|
partial degeneration of sugar without oxygen.
|
|
cellular respiration
|
O2 consumed with organic fuel. mitochondria. creates ATP.
|
|
Redox reactions
|
oxidation-reduction reactions
|
|
oxidation
|
loss of electrons
|
|
reduction
|
addition of electrons
|
|
reducing agent
|
electron doner
|
|
oxidizing agent
|
electron acceptor.
|
|
Glycolysis
|
takes place in the cytosol and breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate acidcs. does not requre O2 and produces a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH
|
|
Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle
|
takes place in the mitochonrdial matrix and produces 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 as well as 2 ATP. the electrons are key in the ETC
|
|
Oxidative Phosphorilation
|
redox reaction in the Krebs Cycle that creates ATP.
|
|
Substrate-level phosphorylation
|
enzymes transfer a phosphate group from substrate to ATP in the Krebs Cycle.
|
|
Acetyl CoA
|
enzyme with carboxyl group that gives off CO2 as it is oxidized. pyruvate becomes _____.
|
|
Actate
|
when the remaining carbon in the Krebs cycle is oxidized. NADH takes one H ion.
|
|
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
|
other name for Krebs cycle.
|
|
Citrate
|
a stage in the Krebs cycle. an important molecule in the steps.
|
|
anarobic
|
cellular respiration without use of mitochondria and using lactic acid fermentation. produces 4-6 ATP.
|
|
Energy Investment Phase
|
in Glycolysis, where ATP is invested to get the cycle going.
|
|
Phosphofructokinase
|
enzyme to get glycolysis over activation energy. this enzyme regulates the rate of this reaction.
|
|
Isomerase
|
changes into G3P and also regulates glycolysis reactions.
|
|
G3P
|
Glyceraldahyde 3 Phospate
|
|
1 mole of glucose equals. . . .
|
38 ATP
|
|
Oxyloacitate
|
a four carbon molecule which, when joined with Acetyl CoA turns into Citrate. Krebs Cycle.
|
|
Citrate
|
a 6 carbon molecule in the Kreb Cycle that is broken down and releases 2 carbons to go back to being oxyloacitate. also releases 6NADH and 2 FADH2
|
|
Proton gradient
|
causes H+ ions to diffuse across ATP synthase. are pulled out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space using active transport.
|
|
Chemioosmosis
|
when H+ ions go down their proton gradient through ATP synthase. produces ATP.
|
|
Uloiquinone (COQ10)
|
the lower protein a which FADH2 is deposited.
|
|
Cytochrome
|
the protein at which the NADH deposits the first electron to begin the chain.
|
|
"highly conserved process"
|
a process that is not very mutated such as Cytochrome C which is a universal protein which is an evolutionary constant. along with Hemoglobin is used to argue when evolution has happened.
|
|
Alcoholic Fermentation
|
releases CO2 in bubbles and goes from 2 acetaldehydes to gain an electron to become Ethanol.
|
|
Lactic Acid Fermentation
|
only uses NADH to take an electron to become Lactate.
|