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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cytosol
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what makes up the cytoplasm
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Vesticles
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sacs made of membrane
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Phagocytosis
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ameoba way of eating - engufing food.
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Nucleoid
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region of a prokaryote with the nucleus and singular chromosome
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Smooth ER
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synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs, produces sex hormones, stores calcium ions.
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Rough ER
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studded with ribosomes and produces glycoproteins and phospholipids for the membrane.
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microtubules
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9+2 pattern of hollow tubes making up flagella/cillia.
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Basal Body
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anchor of flagella/cillia to the cell.
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dynein
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motor proteins of polypeptides and responsible for the bending movements of flagella.
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psudopodia
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cellular extentions in ameboa
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Myosin
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motor protein by means of projections that walk along the cytoskeleton.
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microfilaments
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two intertwined strands of actin (a globular protein.
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Intermidiate fillaments
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fibrous proteins supercoiled into thicker cables.
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Microvilli
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projections that increase the cell's surface area.
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peroxisome
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organelle that produces hydrogen peroxide. contain enzymes that initiate the conversion of fatty acids to sugar.
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cristae
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interfoldings of mitochondria enclosing the mitochondrial matrix
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Mitochondrial matrix
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containing enzymes as well as DNA and ribosomes. enclosed by cristae.
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Pectins
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manufactured in the Golgi Apparatus.
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Autophagy
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recycling the cell's own organic material. done by lysosomes.
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tonoplast
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found only in plant cells and is the membrane enclosing the central vacuole.
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plasmodesmata
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channels through cells walls that are the connection of the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.
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Plastid
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chloroplasts are members of this familoy in plant organells.
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Amyloplasts
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colorless plastids that store amylose (startch)
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chromoplasts
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pigments that give plants colors of orange and yellow.
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Thylakoids
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interconnected sacs in the chloroplasts stacked. used in photosynthesis.
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Granum
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stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts.
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Stroma
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fluid outside the thylakoids inside the chloroplasts.
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Glycoproteins
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proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates in short chains and found in the extracellular matrix.
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collagen
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glycoprotein which forms strong fibers outside the cells.
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proteglycans
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glycoproteins with more carbohydrates.
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fibronectin
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glycoproteins which attach to the ECM embedded in the plasma membrane.
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Integrins
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ECM proteins which are embedded in the membrane, or transmembrane proteins.
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Endomembrane system
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Nucleus |
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Junctions
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connections between plasma membranes of cells.
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Tight junctions
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plasma membrane almsot shared. adhered tightly together.
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Desmosomes
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rivets of cytoplasm and membrane attatched. smaller but with lots of them.
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Gap junctions
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channels and tunnels, larger but fewer of them, between cells.
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Organelles or structures only in plant cells:
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Chloroplasts
Central Vacuole Tonoplast plasmodesmata |
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Organelles or structures only in animal cells:
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Extracellular Matrix
Lysosomes Vacuoles (multiple) Centrioles Flagella (except for fern sperm) Cillia |
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Secretory Proteins
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made by ribosomes in Rough ER are proteins which leave the cell to communicate with other cells.
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histome Protein
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protein in chromatin which the DNA wrapps around.
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Endosymbiotic theory
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bacteria ate another bacteria but didn't digest it, forming the mitochondria and chloroplasts with their own DNA.
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