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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phylogeny
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evolutionary history of a species or group of related species.
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systematists
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analytical approach to understanding diversity and relationships between populations/species.
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homology
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similarity due to shared ancestry
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analogy
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similiarity due to convergent evolution.
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homoplasies
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analagous structures evolved independantly.
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taxonomy
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division of organisms into categoies based on characteristics.
(Carolus Linneaus) |
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binomials
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2 part names of genus and species.
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specific epithet
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species name of an organism.
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species - genus - family - order - class - phylum - kingdom - domain
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reverse order of phylogeny
(8 answers) |
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cladogram
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patterns of shared characteristics that are plotted on a graph.
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clade
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group of species including ancestral species and descendants.
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cladistics
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study of clades.
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monopyletic clade
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valid clade with ancestor and all descendants.
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paraphyletic clade
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clade with ancestor and some of the descendants.
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polyphyletic
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clade with various species with no common ancestor.
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shared primitive character
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character shared beyond taxon.
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shared derived character
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evolutionary novelty to particular clade.
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outgroup
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species or group of species closely related to ingroup (group being studied)
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ingroup
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group being studied in a. . .study.
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phylogram
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graph in which length of branches indicate the number of genetic changes.
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ultimate trees
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graph in which all the branches tracable to common ancestor have equal length.
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maximum parismony
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fewest evolutionary events have occured in derived characters.
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maximum likelyhood
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a tree can reflct likely sequences of events.
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orthologons genes
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genes that diverge only after specitation and are found in a single copy of the genome.
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paralogous genes
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gene duplication that is found in more than one copy of the genome. diverges in clade and forms new funcitons.
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molecular clocks
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yardstick based on constant evolution that can graph average occurances based on overall evolutioanry rate.
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neutral theory
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most evolutionary change is netural.
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constant molecular clock
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universal tree.
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horizontal gene transfer
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genes go from genome to another through mechanisms such as transposable elements and fusions of organisms.
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