Ap Bio (Chapter 20 - Dna Technology And Genomics)

Front 1

biotechnology

Back 1

manipulations of organisms or components.

Front 2

recombinant DNA

Back 2

nucleotide sequences from 2 sources are combined.

Front 3

genetic engeneering

Back 3

manipulation of genes for practical purposes.

Front 4

clone

Back 4

daughter cells of recombinant bacterium with copies of gene of protien.

Front 5

restriction enzyme/restriction endonucleases

Back 5

cut up DNA

Front 6

restriction site

Back 6

DNA sequence where enzyme cuts.

Front 7

Sticky end

Back 7

single strand end of restriction fragment "hanging off" of rest of double stranded DNA.

Front 8

DNA ligase

Back 8

puts together fragments of DNA cut up by restriction endonucleases.

Front 9

cloning vector

Back 9

original plasmid that can carry foregin DNA into cell and replicate.

Front 10

nucleic acid hybridization

Back 10

using a short DNA or RNA as nucleic acid probe.

Front 11

nucleic acid probe

Back 11

complementary to sequence that one wishes to find.

Front 12

dentaturation

Back 12

seperation of 2 strands.

Front 13

genomic library

Back 13

complete set of plasmid clones.

Front 14

cDNA (complementary DNA)

Back 14

double stranded DNA made from RNA transcript (only exon DNA)

Front 15

cDNA library

Back 15

cloned cDNA's that make up part of genome.

Front 16

expression vector

Back 16

cloning vector with active promoter upstream of restriction site where Eukaryotic gene can be substituted.

Front 17

elecrtoporation

Back 17

electrical pulse to solution creates holes in plamsa membranes where DNA can enter.

Front 18

polymerase chain reaction

Back 18

when fragments are cloned to create a fragmented piece on both ends.

Front 19

restriction fragment analysis

Back 19

detects differences in nucelotide sequences of DNA molecules.

Front 20

gel elecrophoresis

Back 20

gell as molecular seive to seperate different sized sequences. DNA is negatively charged, so they move toward positively charged end.

Front 21

southern blotting

Back 21

gell elecrophoresis and hybridization.

Front 22

linkage map

Back 22

genetic markers on choromome that help map.

Front 23

physical map

Back 23

distance between markers expressed physically

Front 24

bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC)

Back 24

artifical insert of bacterial chrosmosome.

Front 25

genomics

Back 25

study of whole sets of genes and gene interaction.

Front 26

expressed sequence tags (EST)

Back 26

short coding sequences similar to those present in known genes.

Front 27

in virtro mutagens

Back 27

mutagens as sequence of clones genes that determine gene function.

Front 28

RNA interference (RNAi)

Back 28

blocks genes in mRNA to see which protein is absent.

Front 29

DNA microarray assays

Back 29

using cDNA to test which genes are expressed.

Front 30

single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snpips)

Back 30

base-pair variations in the genome detected by sequencing.

Front 31

gene therapy

Back 31

alteration of afflicted individual's genes

Front 32

DNA fingerprint

Back 32

specific band patterns.

Front 33

transgenic animal

Back 33

gene of one animal put into gene of another.

Front 34

Ti plamid

Back 34

common vector.

Front 35

genetically modified organism

Back 35

organism that has aquired genes by artificial means.