Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Carbon skeletons
|
chains of carbons
|
|
Organic chemistry
|
compounds that contain carbon
|
|
Miller
|
1953
|
|
hydrocarbons
|
make up "tails" of fat/fossil fuels, are hydrophobic due to nonpolar bonds of H + C in hydrogen, and store large amounts of energy
|
|
Isomers
|
molecules w/ same molecular formula, but different shapes = different properties
|
|
structural isomer
|
moles that differ in which atoms they share bonds with and possibly location of double bonds
|
|
geometric
|
moles where some atoms are bonded, but have different spatial arrangements (due to double bonds)
|
|
enantiomer
|
(L/R hand) molecules that are mirror images of each other, can convert to good/bad (medicine)
|
|
How an organic material behaves is based on:
|
arrangement on the carbon skeleton and the functional groups attached.
|
|
functional group
|
specific groups of atoms attached to an organic material
|
|
hydroxyl group
|
[OH, HO]
Found in alcohols; polar covalent bond which helps alcohol dissolve in water. |
|
carbonyl group
|
[C=O]
Found at end of carbon skeleton = aldehyde Found within carbon skeleton = ketone |
|
carboxyl group
|
[COOH]
compounds w/ CO2H are called Carboxylic acids; H separates to form a weak acid. |
|
amino group
|
[NH2]
organic compounds containing this are called amines; accepts H+ so it acts as a base. If combined with carboyxl, it forms amino acids. |
|
sulfhydryl group
|
[SH]
organic compounds w/ SH are called thiols; helps stabilize the structure of some proteins. |
|
phosphate group
|
[OPO3 ^-2]
Anion formed by dissociation of phosphoric acid; involved in energy transfer between organic molecules (ATP). |
|
4 Most common elements?
|
C,H,O,N
|
|
Trace elements
|
are required by organisms only in very small quantities (ex: Fe)
|
|
atom
|
smallest unit of an element
|
|
elements
|
cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical means
|
|
Subatomic particles
|
protons, electrons, neutrons
|
|
covalent bond
|
formed when electrons are SHARED between atoms
|
|
nonpolar covalent
|
electrons are shared equally between atoms
|
|
polar covalent
|
electrons are not shared equally
|
|
Polar molecule
|
Partially positive and partially negative; Water is polar
|
|
Hydrogen bond
|
weak chemical bonds that form when a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom
|