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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Capsid
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The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape.
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Virulent Virus
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A virus that reproduces only by a lytic cycle and causes the disease immediatly.
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Vaccine
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A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen.
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Transformation
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A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
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R Plasmid
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A bacterial plasmid carrying genes that confer resistance to certian antibiotics.
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Viral Envelope
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A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
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Lysogenic Cycle
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A phage replication cycle is which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage and does not kill the host.
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Reverse Transcriptase
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An enzyme encoded by some certain viruses (retroviruses) that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.
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Conjugation
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In prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
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Transposon
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A transposable element that moves within a genome by means of a DNA intermediate.
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Bacteriophage
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A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.
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Temperate Virus
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A virus that is capable of reproduction by either the lytic or lysogenic cycle and remains dormant for the right conditions.
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Viroid
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A plant pathogen composed of molecules of naked circular RNA only several hundred nucleotides long.
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F Factor
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A fertility factor in bacteria; a DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient.
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Host Range
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The limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect and parasitize.
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Prophage
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A phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial chromosome.
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Prion
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An infectious form of protein that may increase in number by converting related proteins to more prions.
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Episome
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A gentic element that can exist either as a plasmid or as part of the bacterial chromosome.
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Lytic Cycle
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A type of viral replication cycle resulting in the release of new phages by lysis of the host cell.
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Retrovirus
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An RNA virus that reproduces by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosme.
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Transduction
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A DNA transfer process in which phages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another.
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F Plasmid
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The plasmid form of the F factor that allows for genetic recombination.
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