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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following represents the difference between the free-energy content of the reaction and the free-energy content of the products? |
D.
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http://mdgottfried.net/Testing/studyguide080910_files/i0020001.jpg
which best describes the reaction? |
negative, spontaneous.
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http://mdgottfried.net/Testing/studyguide080910_files/i0020001.jpg
whats the activation energy? |
B.
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http://mdgottfried.net/Testing/studyguide080910_files/i0020001.jpg
Which of the following would be the same in an enzyme-catalyzed or noncatalyzed reaction? |
D.
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http://mdgottfried.net/Testing/studyguide080910_files/i0020001.jpg
what word desribes the reaction? |
EXERGONIC.
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Which best describes the reaction?
a. The amount of free energy present in the products is indicated by "e." b. The amount of free energy released as a result of the noncatalyzed reaction is indicated by "c." c. The difference between "b" and "c" is the activation energy added by the presence of the enzyme. d. The amount of free energy initially present in the reactants is indicated by "a." e. The amount of free energy released as a result of the catalyzed reaction is indicated by "d." |
E.
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Which of the following represents the G of the reaction?
a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e |
D.
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http://mdgottfried.net/Testing/studyguide080910_files/i0020001.jpg
Which of the following represents the activation energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction? a. a b. b c. c d. d e. e |
C.
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The regulation of enzyme function is an important aspect of cell metabolism. Which of the following is least likely to be a mechanism for enzyme regulation?
a. feedback inhibition b. allosteric regulation c. cooperativity d. reversible inhibition e. removing cofactors |
REMOVING COFACTORS.
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A major function of the mitochondrial inner membrane is the conversion of energy from electrons to the stored energy of the phosphate bond in ATP. To accomplish this function, the inner mitochondrial membrane must have all of the following features except
a. the electron transport chain of proteins. b. integral, transverse ATP synthase. c. high permeability to protons. d. proton pumps embedded in the membrane. e. carrier proteins to accept electrons from NADH. |
E.
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Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
a. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction. b. Enzymes change the direction of chemical reactions. c. Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction. d. Enzymes prevent changes in substrate concentrations. e. Enzymes are permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze. |
INCREASE THE RATE OF REACTION.
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In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate
a. 6 molecules of ATP are used and 6 molecules of ATP are produced. b. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 2 molecules of ATP are produced. c. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced. d. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 6 molecules of ATP are produced. e. 4 molecules of ATP are used and 2 molecules of ATP are produced. |
2 molecules used, 4 in return.
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What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?
a. carbon dioxide and RuBP b. ATP and NADPH c. water and carbon d. electrons and photons e. oxygen and carbon dioxide |
ATP AND NADPH.
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During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is
a. transferred directly to ATP. b. retained in the pyruvate. c. stored in the NADH produced. d. used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose-6-phosphate. e. transferred to ADP, forming ATP. |
RETAINED IN PYRUVATE
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Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) in cellular respiration?
a. 15 b. 4 c. 2 d. 76 e. 38 |
76.
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All of the following statements are correct regarding the Calvin cycle except:
a. These reactions begin soon after sundown and end before sunrise. b. One of the end products is glyceraldehyde phosphate. c. The energy source utilized is the ATP and NADPH obtained through the light reaction. d. Rubisco attaches carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate. e. The 5-carbon sugar RuBP is constantly being regenerated. |
begin soon after sunrise and sundown.
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Which of the following statements is (are) correct about an oxidation-reduction (or redox) reaction?
a. The molecule that is oxidized loses electrons. b. The molecule that is reduced gains electrons. c. The molecule that is reduced loses electrons. d. The molecule that is oxidized gains electrons. e. Both A and B are correct. |
the one that loses electrons is oxidized and the one that gains electrons is reduced.
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The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
a. yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain. b. catalyze the reactions of glycolysis. c. combine with lactate, forming pyruvate. d. act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water. e. combine with carbon, forming CO2. |
accepts electrons and hydrogen, forms water.
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Which curve represents the behavior of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in hot springs at temperatures of 70°C or higher?
a. curve 4 b. curve 3 c. curve 1 d. curve 2 e. curve 5 |
curve b.
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Which curve was most likely generated from an enzyme that requires a cofactor?
a. curve 5 b. It is not possible to determine whether an enzyme requires a cofactor from these data. c. curve 2 d. curve 1 e. curve 4 |
NOT POSSIBLE.
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When glucose (C6H12O6) is oxidized to CO2 and water in cellular respiration, approximately 40% of the energy content of glucose is transferred to
a. the citric acid cycle. b. heat. c. ATP (adenosine triphosphate). d. glycolysis. e. oxygen (O2). |
MAKES ATP.
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A. light reactions alone
B. the Calvin cycle alone C. both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle D. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle E. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis requires CO2 |
CALVIN CYCLE.
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A. light reactions alone
B. the Calvin cycle alone C. both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle D. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle E. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis REQUIRES ATP |
CALVIN CYCLE.
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A. light reactions alone
B. the Calvin cycle alone C. both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle D. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle E. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis PRODUCES NADPH |
ONLY LIGHT REACTIONS.
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A. light reactions alone
B. the Calvin cycle alone C. both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle D. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle E. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis PRODUCES MOLECILAR OXYGEN |
ONLY LIGHT REACTIONS.
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A. light reactions alone
B. the Calvin cycle alone C. both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle D. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle E. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis produces three-carbon sugars |
CALVIN CYCLE ALONE.
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Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways?
a. They are endergonic. b. They are spontaneous and do not need enzyme catalysis. c. They combine molecules into more energy-rich molecules. d. They build up complex molecules such as protein from simpler compounds. e. They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP. |
They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP.
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Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
a. mitochondrial matrix b. mitochondrial intermembrane space c. mitochondrial outer membrane d. cytosol e. mitochondrial inner membrane |
INNER MEMBRANE
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Which metabolic process is most closely associated with intracellular membranes?
a. oxidative phosphorylation b. glycolysis c. alcohol fermentation d. the citric acid cycle e. substrate-level phosphorylation |
OXYDATIVE PHOSYPYRALIATION.
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Which of the following is (are) required in the Calvin cycle?
a. ATP b. CO2 c. RuBP d. A and B only e. A, B, and C |
ALL.
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Starting with one molecule of citrate and ending with oxaloacetate, how many ATP molecules can be formed from oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)?
a. 1 b. 3 c. 11 d. 12 e. 4 |
ELEVEN.
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How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle?
a. 2 FADH2 and 8 NADH b. 1 FADH2 and 4 NADH c. 4 FAD+ and 12 NAD+ d. 4 FADH2 and 12 NADH e. 1 FAD and 4 NAD+ |
4 FADH2 and 12 NADH
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How many ATP molecules could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation plus oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) if you started with three molecules of succinyl CoA and ended with oxaloacetate?
a. 24 b. 6 c. 18 d. 12 e. 36 |
EIGHTEEN.
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Starting with citrate, how many of the following would be produced with three turns of the citric acid cycle?
a. 38 ATP, 6 CO2, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH2 b. 1 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 c. 3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2 d. 2 ATP, 2 CO2, 1 NADH, and 3 FADH2 e. 3 ATP, 3 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2 |
3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2
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Carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis are supplied by intermediates of the citric acid cycle. Which intermediate would supply the carbon skeleton for synthesis of a five-carbon amino acid?
a. malate b. -ketoglutarate c. citrate d. isocitrate e. succinate |
weird symbol keitoene.
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Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation?
a. 24 b. 2 c. 1 d. 12 e. 11 |
ONE.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
a. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation b. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle c. glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA d. oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation e. fermentation and glycolysis |
oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
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For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of NADH + FADH2 molecules produced?
a. 5 b. 6 c. 4 d. 10 e. 12 |
TWELVE.
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Which of the following statements regarding ATP is (are) correct?
a. ATP drives endergonic reactions in the cell by the enzymatic transfer of the phosphate group to specific reactants. b. ATP serves as a main energy shuttle inside cells. c. The regeneration of ATP from ADP and phosphate is an endergonic reaction. d. A and B only e. A, B, and C |
ALL.
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A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
a. blue, green, and red b. green, blue, and violet c. red and yellow d. green and yellow e. blue and violet |
RED AND YELLOW.
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During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a G of -20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the G for the new reaction?
a. 0 kcal/mol b. +40 kcal/mol c. -20 kcal/mol d. +20 kcal/mol e. -40 kcal/mol |
NEGATIVE TWENTY
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Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
a. to test for liberation of O2 in the light. b. to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. c. to test for production of either sucrose or starch. d. to test for CO2 fixation in the dark. e. to do experiments to generate an action spectrum. |
to test for liberation of O2 in the light.
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Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, an early step of glycolysis. In the presence of oxygen, an increase in the amount ATP in a cell would be expected to
a. activate the enzyme and increase the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. inhibit the enzyme and thus increase the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. c. inhibit the enzyme and thus slow the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. d. inhibit the enzyme and thus increase the rate of glycolysis and the concentration of citrate. e. activate the enzyme and thus slow the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. |
inhibit the enzyme and thus slow the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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A young relative of yours has never had much energy. He goes to a doctor for help and is sent to the hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition?
a. His cells lack the enzyme in glycolysis that forms pyruvate. b. His mitochondria lack the transport protein that moves pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial membrane. c. His cells have a defective electron transport chain, so glucose goes to lactate instead of to acetyl CoA. d. His cells cannot move NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria. e. His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen use in his mitochondria. |
His mitochondria lack the transport protein that moves pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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The active site of an enzyme is the region that
a. is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme. b. binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme. c. binds the products of the catalytic reaction. d. is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor. e. both A and B |
is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.
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Molecules that can potentially be converted to intermediates of glycolysis and/or the citric acid cycle include
a. glycerol and fatty acids. b. starch and glycogen. c. amino acids and proteins. d. glucose and sucrose. e. all of the above |
alll
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Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the
a. entropy of the system. b. enthalpy of the universe. c. free energy of the universe. d. free energy of the system. e. entropy of the universe. |
ENTROPY OF THE UNIVERSE
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In alcohol fermentation, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH during the
a. reduction of pyruvate to form lactate. b. phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. c. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. d. reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol (ethyl alcohol). e. oxidation of NAD+ in the citric acid cycle. |
reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol (ethyl alcohol).
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In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1. loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2. is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3. is bonded to coenzyme A. These three steps result in the formation of
a. acetyl CoA, FAD, H2, and CO2. b. acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP. c. acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2. d. acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2. e. acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2. |
acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2.
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Which of the following statements about metabolism is incorrect?
a. Metabolism manages the utilization of materials and energy resources. b. Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy. c. The uptake of water associated with the hydrolysis of biological polymers is part of metabolism. d. Metabolism is an emergent property of life at the level of organisms. e. None of these statements about metabolism is incorrect. |
Metabolism is an emergent property of life at the level of organisms.
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Which of the following statements about NAD+ is false?
a. NAD+ is reduced by the action of dehydrogenases. b. NAD+ can receive electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. c. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. d. NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. e. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis cannot function. |
NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH.
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
a. ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. b. Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic. c. Respiration is the reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. d. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. e. Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it. |
photosynthesis stores,
respiration releases. |
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Which of the following is (are) true of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase?
a. It participates in the Calvin cycle. b. It catalyzes a phosphorylation reaction. c. It has an affinity for both O2 and CO2. d. A and C are true. e. A, B, and C are true. |
A and C.
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Where is the electron transport chain found in plant cells?
a. inner membrane of mitochondria b. cytoplasm c. stroma of chloroplasts d. thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts e. matrix of mitochondria |
THYLAKOID MEMBRANES OF CHOLORAPLasts.
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How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be released from the complete aerobic respiration of a molecule of sucrose (C12H22 O11), a disaccharide?
a. 6 b. 12 c. 2 d. 38 e. 3 |
TWELVE.
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Many different things can alter enzyme activity. Which of the following underlie all types of enzyme regulation?
a. changes in the active site of the enzyme b. changes in the activation energy of the reaction c. changes in the free energy of the reaction d. A and B only e. A, B, and C |
active site and activation.
NOT CHANGES IN FREE ENERGY. |
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Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's
a. heat content. b. activation energy. c. free-energy content. d. endothermic level. e. entropy. |
activation energy.
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Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
a. thylakoid membranes b. chemiosmosis c. ATP synthase d. B and C only e. A, B, and C |
atp and chemiosmosis.
NOT THYALOID. |
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A molecule that is phosphorylated
a. has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate. b. has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate. c. has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work. d. has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work. e. has less energy than before its phosphorylation and therefore less energy for cellular work. |
has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work.
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Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
a. stroma of the chloroplast b. chlorophyll molecule c. outer membrane of the chloroplast d. thylakoid membrane e. cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast |
stroma.
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Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate?
a. citrate b. lactate c. glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate d. oxaloacetate e. acetyl CoA |
acetyl CoA
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In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of
a. ATP, CO2and ethanol (ethyl alcohol). b. ATP, NADH, and pyruvate. c. ATP, pyruvate, and acetyl CoA. d. ATP, pyruvate, and oxygen. e. ATP, CO2, and lactate. |
ATP, CO2and ethanol (ethyl alcohol).
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In which reaction does an intermediate pathway become oxidized?
a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E |
c.
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Which step involves an endergonic reaction?
a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E |
FIRST ONE.
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Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules?
a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E |
b.
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Which step consists of a phosphorylation reaction in which ATP is the phosphate source?
a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E |
FIRST ONE.
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During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location?
a. mitochondrial outer membrane b. mitochondrial matrix c. mitochondrial intermembrane space d. mitochondrial inner membrane e. cytosol |
MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX.
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Which of the following statements about glycolysis false?
a. Glycolysis can operate in the complete absence of O2. b. Glycolysis makes ATP exclusively through substrate-level phosphorylation. c. Glycolysis has steps involving oxidation-reduction reactions. d. The end products of glycolysis are CO2 and H2O. e. The enzymes of glycolysis are located in the cytosol of the cell. |
NO H2O.
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A. photosynthesis
B. respiration C. both photosynthesis and respiration D. neither photosynthesis nor respiration reduction of NADP+ |
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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A. photosynthesis
B. respiration C. both photosynthesis and respiration D. neither photosynthesis nor respiration generation of proton gradients across membranes |
both photosynthesis and respiration
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A. photosynthesis
B. respiration C. both photosynthesis and respiration D. neither photosynthesis nor respiration synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism |
both respiration and photosynthesis.
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A. photosynthesis
B. respiration C. both photosynthesis and respiration D. neither photosynthesis nor respiration reduction of oxygen which forms water |
RESPIRATION.
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Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?
a. -ketoglutarate b. pyruvate c. malate or fumarate d. acetyl CoA e. succinyl CoA |
acetyl CoA
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What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?
a. catabolic pathways b. fermentation pathways c. anabolic pathways d. bioenergetic pathways e. thermodynamic pathways |
CATABOLIC PATHWAYS.
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In which cell would you expect photorespiration?
a. Cell II b. Cell I at night c. Cell I d. Cell II at night e. neither Cell I nor Cell II |
CELL II.
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Oxygen would inhibit the CO2 fixation reactions in
a. neither cell I nor cell II. b. both cell I and cell II. c. cell I only. d. cell I during the night and cell II during the day. e. cell II only. |
CELL TWO ONLY.
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Which of the following statements is true concerning the figure?
a. It represents cell processes involved in C4 photosynthesis. b. It represents the type of cell structures found in CAM plants. c. It represents an adaptation that minimizes photorespiration. d. A and C are true. e. A, B, and C are true. |
a and c are true.
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Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
a. Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. b. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. c. Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter. d. The entropy of the universe is constant. e. The entropy of the universe is decreasing. |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
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You have a friend who lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of fat on a "low carb" diet. How did the fat leave her body?
a. It was released as CO2 and H2O. b. It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body. c. Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released. d. It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat. e. It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body. |
It was released as CO2 and H2O.
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When glucose monomers are joined together by glycosidic linkages to form a cellulose polymer, the changes in free energy, total energy, and entropy are as follows:
a. -G, -H, -S b. -G, +H, +S c. +G, -H, -S d. +G, +H, +S e. +G, +H, -S |
PLUS PLUS NEGATIVE.
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Which of the following normally occurs whether or not oxygen (O2) is present?
a. fermentation b. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA c. oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) d. glycolysis e. citric acid cycle |
GLYCOLOSIS
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Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy?
a. The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to make ATP. b. The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken by electrons from organic molecules. c. Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).. d. The covalent bonds in organic molecules are higher energy bonds than those in water and carbon dioxide. e. The electrons have a higher potential energy when associated with water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds. |
Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O)..
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In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?
a. energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient b. energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation c. No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. d. energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system e. energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase |
energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase
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What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a. to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL b. to produce ATP and NADPH c. to produce NADPH used in respiration d. to use ATP to make glucose e. to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water |
ADP AND NADPH
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The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mole and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mole. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?
a. Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose is used in the production of ATP in glycolysis. b. There is no CO2 or water produced as products of glycolysis. c. Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate, one of the products of glycolysis. d. Glycolysis consists of many enzymatic reactions, each of which extracts some energy from the glucose molecule. e. Glycolysis is a very inefficient reaction, with much of the energy of glucose released as heat. |
Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate, one of the products of glycolysis.
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Which of the following organic molecules cannot be converted to an intermediate of glycolysis?
a. glucose and sucrose b. glycerol c. amino acids d. fatty acids e. starch and glycogen |
FATTY ACIDS
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Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements concerning phosphofructokinase is not true?
a. It is an allosteric enzyme. b. It is activated by AMP (derived from ADP). c. It is activated by citrate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. d. It specifically catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, an early step of glycolysis. e. It is inhibited by ATP. |
b. It is activated by AMP (derived from ADP).
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What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways?
a. bioenergetics b. feedback regulation c. cooperativity d. entropy e. energy coupling |
ENERGY COUPLING
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Which of the following statements correctly describe(s) some aspect of energy in living organisms?
a. Living organisms can convert energy among several different forms. b. Living organisms can use energy to do work. c. Organisms expend energy in order to decrease their entropy d. A and B only e. A, B, and C |
ALL
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The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as
a. feedback inhibition. b. metabolic inhibition. c. allosteric inhibition. d. reversible inhibition. e. noncooperative inhibition. |
FEEDBACK
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The early suggestion that the oxygen (O2) liberated from plants during photosynthesis comes from water was
a. first proposed by C.B. van Niel of Stanford University. b. confirmed by experiments using oxygen-18 (18O). c. made following the discovery of photorespiration because of rubisco's sensitivity to oxygen. d. A and B e. A, B, and C |
a and b.
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If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?
a. There would be no difference in results. b. The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. c. The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. d. The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. e. The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. |
The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.
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What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?
a. Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. b. Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released. c. Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis. d. Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light. e. Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. |
Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.
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An outcome of this experiment was to help determine
a. the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. b. the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration. c. the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released. d. the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen released during photosynthesis. e. the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis. |
the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen released during photosynthesis
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Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis?
a. 38% b. 100% c. 2% d. 10% e. 0% |
100 PERCENT.
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Which type of organism obtains energy by metabolizing molecules produced by other organisms?
a. autotrophs b. heterotrophs c. decomposers d. B and C e. A, B, and C |
heterotrophs and decomposers.
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Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
a. the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll b. the splitting of water c. the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I d. the reduction of NADP+ e. the synthesis of ATP |
synthesis of atp.
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How does a non-competitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?
a. by changing the free energy change of the reaction b. by binding at the active site of the enzyme c. by acting as a coenzyme for the reaction d. by changing the structure of the enzyme e. by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction |
by changing the structure of the enzyme
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What is the term used for the metabolic pathway in which glucose (C6H12O6) is degraded to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water?
a. glycolysis b. fermentation c. cellular respiration d. citric acid cycle e. oxidative phosphorylation |
CELLULAR RESPIRATION.
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Where does glycolysis takes place?
a. mitochondrial intermembrane space b. cytosol c. mitochondrial outer membrane d. mitochondrial inner membrane e. mitochondrial matrix |
cytosol
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