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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rough ER
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ribosomes stud from surface; produce proteins and membranes
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smooth ER
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no ribosomes; lipid synthesis (sex & steroid hormones); carbohydrate metabolism; drug & poison detoxification
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ribosomes
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carries out protein synthesis; two types: free & bound
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nuclues
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controls production of proteins; controls growth; regulates metablism; houses DNA
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nucleolus
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within nucleus; makes ribosomal (rRNA); assembels ribosomal subunits
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Golgi apparatus
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UPS; recieves products from ER -> modifies and sotres products -> send to other destinations; flat membrane sacs call CISTERNA; 2 regions: CIS FACE & TRANS FACE
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lysosome
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contains enzymes that animal cells use to digest macromolecules; AUTOPHAGY=recycle organic material within cell
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vacuoles
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food vacuole= phagocytosis; contractice vacuole=pump excess water from cell; central vacuole= retain water
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mitochondria
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generates energy in form of ATP via cellular reparation; 2 membranes: cristae (folds) & mitochondrial matrix (inner area contains DNA*
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chloroplast
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ONLY plants; site of photosynthesis; thykaloids=membrane sac, granum=stacked membrane, stroma= fluid contains DNA, ribsomes, enzymes
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peroxisome
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contains enzymes to produce H2O2; breakdown fatty acids and detozify alcohol
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cytoskeleton
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network of fibers; maintain shape & mechanical support; 3 types: microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
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prokaryotes
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DNA, no organelles, small, NUCLEOID, ribosomes, chromosomes, cytosol, plasma mebrane, cell wall
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eukaryotes
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DNA, organelles, NUCLEUS, big
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plasma membrane
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controls movement of substances in and out of cell; communication with other cells; made up of lipids, phosphorus, proteins; inner layer=non-polar, outer layer=polar
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6 types of proteins transfer
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transport, enzymes, signal transduction, cell-to-cell recognition, intercellular joining, attachment to cytoskeleton and ECM
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3 passive transport
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diffusion, facilitative diffusion, osmosis
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transport
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channel and carrier proteins
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enzymes
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assist metabolism
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signal transduction
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lock and key
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intercullular joinning
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proteins of adjacent cells hook together
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attachment to cytoskeleton and ECM
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cell shape; stabalizes other membrane proteins
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3 active transport
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endocytosis, exocytosis, ion pump
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diffusion principles
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high concentration-> low concentration; concentraion gradient, surface area:volume, temp^= speed^, molecules size determines occurence
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facilitative diffusion
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channel proteins
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osmosis
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movement of water to high concentraion
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sodium-pottasium pump
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3 NA+ out, 2 K+ in; inside cell=negative; outside cell=positive; electric gradient
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endomembrane system
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nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane
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transport vesicles
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transport secretary proteins from ER to
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microtubules
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hollow rods of protein; frameowrk for cell & tracks along organelles
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centrosome
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area by nucleus contains microtubules
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cillia and flagella
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type of microtubules; manouver cell
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middle lamella
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glue adjacent plant cells together
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pseudopodia
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used for moving and feeding; extension from cell
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cell division
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nucleus, chromosomes, centroiles, microtubules, microfilaments
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information storage and transferal
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nucleus, chromosomes, DNA -> mRNA -> ribosomes-> enzymes and other proteins
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energy conversion
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mitochondria
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manufactured of membrane and products
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sooth ER, rough ER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles
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lipid synthesis, drug detoxification
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smooth ER
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digestion, recycling
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lysosomes, food vacuoles
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conversion of H2O2 to water
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prexisome
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structural integrity
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cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilamentsl intermediate filaments; ECM
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movement
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cilia, flagela, microfilaments
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exchange with enviroment
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plasma membrane, vesicles
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cell to cell connection
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desmoses, tight and gap junctions, ECM
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cell wall
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structural support for plants; middle lamella=glue
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central vacuole
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stores food, waste diposal, proteciton, growth
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chloroplast
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phosynthesis, production fo carbs
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amyloplast
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starch in plants
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plasmodesmate
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cytoplasmic connection between cells
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