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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
White Temple and Ziggurat
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Where: Uruk (Sumerian)
Significance: Temple was on platform (because of frequent flooding) oriented like a compass. They are the most important architectural remains of Sumer. |
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Female Head (Warka Head)
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Where: Uruk (Sumerian)
Medium: Marble, once had lapis lazuli eyes Subject: May be Inanna Significance: Marble medium shows that there was trade as there is none found in the Mesopotamian region |
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Warka Vase
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Where: Sumerian
Medium: Marble Subject: Narrative (maybe New Year Festival) Significance: Shown in registers |
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Importance of Materials
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Mesopotamia didn't have stone - had to be imported.
Objects made with stones such as expensive marble or lapis lazuli were sacred and took a long time to make (long time to import.) These stones were not used to make everyday objects. |
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Eshnunna's Worshippers
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Where: Sumerian
Medium: Limestone. lapis lazuli eyes (?) Subject: Represented donors - acted as "stand-ins" Significance: Simplified faces and bodies, wide eyes symbolize attentiveness to the gods (wakefulness) |
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Victory Stele of Eannatum (Stele of the Vultures)
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Where: Sumerian
Medium: Limestone Subject: Victory of Eannatum over the city state of Umma Significance: Historical narrative - brutal scene with vultures carrying off severed heads, people being trampled on Eannatum is most important so he's the largest (hieratic scale) |
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Stele
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Stone carved to commemorate an event
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Ziggurat
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High steeped structures with a temple on top.
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Standard of Ur
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Where: Sumerian
Medium: Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone Subject: War Side and Peace Side - victory celebration or ritual Significance: Unknown function (thought to have been used as a flag) Narrative - Scenes are in registers; uses hieratic scale |
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Bull-headed lyre (Sound box)
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Where: Sumerian
Medium:Wood with inlaid gold, lapis lazuli, and shell Significance: Shows “composite” figures (half man, half animal), attention to animal anatomy Top register shows heraldic composition. |
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Cylinder Seals
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Cylinder shaped stones were used to roll in clay as a way to identify documents and prove ownership
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Head of an Akkadian Ruler
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Who: Akkadians
Medium: Copper Subject: Ruler Significance: Important because we don't have many Akkadian artifacts, earliest known hollow copper sculpture, stylized beard represents royalty Damage to sculpture was meant to symbolically remove his power (inlaid eyes and ears were removed) |
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Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
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Who: Akkadians
Medium: Pink sandstone Subject: Naram-Sin’s victory over the people of the Zagros mountains Significance: Naram-Sin shown in hieratic scale with horned crown to represent his divinity, no registers but wavy ground lines, enemies either dead or begging for mercy |
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Iconography
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The images and symbolic representations that are traditionally associated with a specific person or subject (Ex.Victory Stele of Naram-Sin)
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Ziggurat, Ur
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Who: Akkadians
Medium: Mud-brick, bitumen on bottom to protect from floods Significance: Built for moon god, Nanna Three sets of stairs lead to the entrance gate at the top but do not end right at temple door- there are 2-3 angular turns first |
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Gudea
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Who: Guti
Medium: Diorite Subject: Gudea - had many sculptures made of himself to be placed in temples Significance: Diorite is an expensive, hard stone - shows importance Gudea is always shown as strong, peaceful and pious with one bare shoulder Shows Sumerian influence - large eyes |
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Stele with Law Code of Hammurabi
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Who: Babylonians
Medium: Basalt Subject: Hammurabi and God Significance: First written code of law, god is seated (still hieratic scale,) shows god approves of his laws |
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Lamassu
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Who: Assyrians
Medium: Limestone Significance: 5 legs - meant only to be viewed from front or side (not at an angle where you'd see the extra leg) |
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Ashurbanipal Hunting Lions
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Who: Assyrians
Medium: Gypsum Subject: Ashurbanipal Significance: Relief of hunting scene, others carry weapons, shows his power (lions were a worthy adversary) |
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Ishtar Gate
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Who: Neo- Babylonians
Medium: Glazed brick Subject: Relief lions (symbol of goddess Ishtar) Significance: Symbol of power - ceremonial entrance to the city |
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Persepolis
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Who: Persians
Significance: The complex at Persepolis is on a 40 ft tall platform, accessible by one staircase Darius’ son had the Hall of 100 Columns built |
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Processional Frieze
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Who: Persians
Significance: Shows Persian nobles and dignitaries, as well as representatives from different regions bringing tribute and carrying regional gifts Shows some influence of the Assyrian reliefs, but the figures project more and show Greek influence (the more natural folds in fabric) |
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Palace of Shapur I
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Who: Persians
Significance: Sasanians built this with a monumental audience hall covered by an arch that comes to a point |
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Triumph of Shapur I over Valeria
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Who: Persians
Medium: Rock-cut relief Subject: Shapur I captured a Roman emperor (Valerian) and commemorated the event in stone Significance: Shapur is larger (hieratic scale); Valerian is humiliated, kneeling and begging for mercy |
