Ap Art History Card #58-65

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#58

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N: Church of Sainte Foy

D: 1050-1130

A:

P/S: Romanesque

Pa:

M/T: Stone(architecture), stone and paint (tympanum), gold, silver, gemstones (reliquary)

F: An important pilgrimage church en route to Santiago de Compostela. It was part of a monastery where monks lived, prayed, and worked. It took symbolic form as a cross (cruciform plan). The tympanum shows the Last Judgement that shows Christ as Judge enthroned with his right hand pointing upward to the save while his left hand gestures down to the damned.

O: Conques, France

C: The Crusades

D/T: detailed, intricate, great

I: The tympanum shows heaven and hell. The reliquary holds the remains of Saint Foy, a young Christian convert.

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#59

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N: Bayeux Tapestry

D: 1066-1080

A:

P/S: Romanesque

Pa:Bishop Odo

M/T: embroidery on linen

F: This tapestry depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England. It consists of fifty scenes embroidered on linen.It could be used as propaganda for William the Conqueror for his achievements, and it could be used as a way to document history.

O: Bayeux Museum

C: The reign of William the Conqueror and King Harold

D/T: colorful, intricate, long

I: This tapestry is not actual considered a tapestry, for it is needlework. It is 230 ft long.

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#60

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N:Chartres Cathedral

D:1145-1155, reconstructed in 1194

A: Bishop Filbert

P/S: Gothic

Pa:

M/T: Limestone, stained glass

F: It employs all the structural elements of the new Gothic architecture: pointed arch, rib and panel vaulting, and the flying buttress. It is a major pilgrimage destination. Inside are statues of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Simeon, John the Baptist, and other Biblical figures

O: France

C: Rise of pilgrimage in the middle ages.

D/T: perfect, detailed, sacred

I: It is also known as the Cathedral of Our Lady Chartres. Celebrated for its stained glass and sculpture. The cathedral houses the tunic of the Blessed Virgin Mary (the Sancta Cimisia). The relic was given as a gift to the cathedral by Charlemagne.

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#61

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N: Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile, Bibles Moralisees

D: 1225-1245

A:

P/S: Gothic

Pa: Queen Blanche

M/T: Illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum)

F: The manuscript shows Blanche of Castile and her son Louis. It shows her reign as queen after her husband died. The dedication page shows the queen and her son seated in a pose that mimics the Virgin Mary and Christ enthroned as rulers of heaven (propaganda, divine right to rule). Moralized bibles, made expressedly for the French royal house, include lavishly illustrated abbreviated passages from the Old and New Testaments. Explanatory texts that allude to historical events and tales accompany these literary and visual readings, which—woven together—convey a moral.

O: France
C: In 1226, a French king died, leaving his queen to rule. The widow, Blanche of Castile, ruled, and the manuscript illuminates this.

D/T: colorful, bright, intricate

I: It represents lavishness in a society that embraced conspicuous consumption.

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#62

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N: Rottgen Pieta

D: 1300-1325

A:

P/S:Late Medieval

Pa:

M/T: Painted wood

F: A pieta shows the Virgin Mary holding a dead, adult Jesus. It shows Jesus wearing the crowns of thorns with holes in his hands and his body beaten. Mary is meant to be seen as mournful but relieved that her son's suffering is over. Her facial expression also reflects her divine knowledge of what was going to happen. Her emotions reflect her humanity just as Christ's beaten body shows his before he ascends into heaven.

O:Bonn

C: a transition into a new devotional style which emphasized the humanity of Christ.

D/T: bruised, heart wrenching, smooth
I: Jesus' body was meant to show that he was beaten, but the taught skin around his ribs is meant to show that he led a life of hunger and suffering as well.

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#63

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N:Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel

D: 1303

A: Architect unknown, artist: Giotto

P/S: Late Medieval/Renaissance (Late Gothic)

Pa: Enrico Scrovegni

M/T: Brick and fresco

F:The chapel is a place to worship God through the frescoes. The beautiful frescoes done by Giotto were a way for people to understand the story of Christ even if they didn't speak the language or were illiterate. Also, in the Last Judgement fresco, Enrico is painted kneeling to Virgin Mary (as a way of repentance).

O:Padua

C:Enrico's motivations for building the chapel was to atone for sin

D/T: bright, detailed, sacred

I:The chapel is known as the Arena Chapel since it is on the site of an ancient Roman arena that later became the property of Scrovegni.

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#64

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N: The Golden Haggadah

D:1320

A:

P/S:Late Medieval Spain

Pa:

M/T:Illuminated manuscript (pigments and gold leaf on vellum)

F: This book is used to tell the story of Passover. It is one of the most luxurious books created for this. It is used to signal the wealth of the owners.

O: Spain

C: When Pharaoh freed the Jews, Moses commanded them to paint a red mark on their doors so that the angel of death "passed over" these homes

D/T: luxurious, detailed, intricate

I:It includes prayers, readings, and images to envision the history of Passover. "Haggadah" means "narration" in Hebrew.

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#65

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N: The Alhambra

D:1354-1391

A:Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar/Sultan of Granada

P/S:Islamic/Christian

Pa:

M/T:Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding. Built for Muslim emirs

F:A palace and fortress complex. The palace had vast gardens and reflected the power of the emir or ruler. It was meant to reflect the theme "paradise on earth." The palace was meant to harmonize with the surrounding nature.

O:Spain

C: After the conquest of Granada by the Reyes Catolicos (Catholic monarchs), palaces were used by Christian rulers

D/T: vast, great, colorful, beautiful

I:The decoration consists of Arabic inscriptions that are manipulated into geometrical patterns set onto an arabesque setting. It is designed in the Mudejar style.