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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Axial Skeleton
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Consists of: The Skull, Hyoid Bone, Vertebral Column, Ribs and The Sternum
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Appendicular Skeleton
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All other parts- Pectoral Girdle, Upper Limb Bones, Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb Bones
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Skull
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Head
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Mandible
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Jaw & Chin
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Hyoid Bone
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Middle of the Neck
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Sternum
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Flat Bone in the center of the Chest
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Ribs
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Sides of the Torso
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Vertebral Column
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Spine
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Sacrum
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Lower Middle Back Area
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Pectoral Girdle
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Shoulders
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Clavicle
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Top of Shoulder Area
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Scapula
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Side of Shoulders Area (Armpit Area)
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Humerus
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Upper- Arm Bone
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Ulna
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Larger Bone in Fore-Arm
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Radius
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Smaller Bone in Fore-Arm
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Carpals
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Bones in the Wrist Area
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Metacarpals of Hand
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Lower Fingers Area
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Phalanges of Hand
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Upper Finger Area
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Bone Shapes:
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Long, Short, Flat and Irregular
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Long Bones
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Larger then they are broad.
Eg: Femur or Thigh Bone |
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Short Bone
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More or less equal in dimensions
Eg: Carpal or Wrist Bones |
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Flat Bones
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Appear compressed and in one dimension.
Eg: Cranium and Sternum Bones |
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Irregular Bones
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Bones that do not fit into any other Bone categories.
Eg: Spehnoid Bone from the Skull |
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Projections
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Arise from the Bones Surface.
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Depressions & Cavities
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Holes, Dents and Spaces in Bone.
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Organic Matter of Bone Tissue
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Collagenous Fibers & Cells
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Inorganic Matter of Bone
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Hydroxyapatite
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Hydroxyapatite
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Complex salt consisting of Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Carbonate.
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Epiphysis
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Ends of Bones
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Diaphysis
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Shaft of Bones.
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Articular Cartilage
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Cartilage located at the ends of Bones (Epiphysis).
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Epiphyseal Line
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A line between the diaphysis and epiphysis in older people. It is also considered a fusion plate.
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Epiphysieal/Growth Plate
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A fusion plate where the growing regions of the bone united. Found in individuals who are growing in height.
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Compact Bone
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Hard, Outer Layer of Bone
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Cancellous/Spongy Bone
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Soft, Inner Layer of Bone
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Trabeculae
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Thin Rods/Plates of Bone that run in the same direction as the stress applied to the bone.
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Medullary Cavity
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The Inner-Most Section of Bone
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Hematopoietic Red Marrow
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Marrow that forms Red Blood Cells
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Yellow Marrow
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Marrow that is Adipose (fat) Containing.
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Nutrient Foramania
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Located on the surface of the Diaphysis. Small holes that allow for passage of blood vessels into and out of the bone.
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Preforating/ Volksmann's Canals
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Nutrient Foramania leads to these. They are Central Canals that carry nutrients vertically through Compact Bone.
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Periosteum
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Dense Connective Tissue Sheath that covers the Outer surface of Bone.
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Tendon
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Attach muscle to bone at the periosteum.
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Ligament
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Straps of Connective Tissue that connects Bone to Bone.
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Endosteum
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A layer within the inner surface of Long Bone.
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Osteon
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Modular units of Bone.
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Central/Haversian Canal
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Hole in the middle of an Osteon. It houses blood vessels and nerves in Dense Bone Tissue.
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Lacunae/Lacuna
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Spaces that the bone cells (osteocytes) occupied in living tissue.
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Osteocytes
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Bone Cells
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Canaliucli
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Thin tubes that connect the Lacunae
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Lamellae
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Dense Mineral Salts in an Osteon that form concentric rings between the Lacunae.
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Bone Cells
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Osteoblasts, Osteocytes & Osteoclasts
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Osteoblasts
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Originate from Stem Cells, Produce new Bone and become Osteocytes.
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Osteocytes
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Mature Bone Cells. They sense the stresses placed on Bone and add more Bone Material if needed.
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Osteoclasts
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Involved in Bone Reabsorption. They increase the size of the Marrow Cavity as a person grows. They are formed from fusion of cells (macrophages) and each cell has multiple nuclei.
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Scapula
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The Shoulder Blade.
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Humerus
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A long bone that articulates with the scapula and its proximal end with the radius and ulna at its distal end.
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Radius
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In the fore-arm, it is lateral on the thumb side.
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Ulna
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A medial bone, has a proximal head that looks like a wheel. Has a U shaped depression.
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Coxal Bone
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The lateral half of the large, flattened, irregularly shaped bone of the pelvis consisting of ilium, ischium and pubis that have fused in the adult, and the acetabulum, which is the point at which the three bones meet.
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Femur
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The longest and heaviest bone in the body. Only bone of the thigh. It articulates proximally with the coxal bone and inferiorly with the tibia.
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Tibia
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The large bone of the leg. The weight bearing bone of the leg inferior to the femur. It is the medial bone of the leg.
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Pectoral Girdle
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Consists of the right and left scapulae, right and left clavicles. It provides a movable yet stable support for the upper limbs.
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Upper Limb
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Clavicle, Humerus, Scapula, Radius & Ulna, Carpals of Wrist, Metacarpals of Hand and then Phalanges of Hand.
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Pelvic Girdle
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Consists of the two Coxal bones. Each Coxal bone results in the fusion of three bones: the Illium, Ischium, Pubis
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Lower Limb
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The Coxal Bones, Femur, Patella, Tibia & Fibula, Foot Tarsals, Foot Metatarsals & Phalanges.
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Scapula
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Commonly knows as the shoulder Blade.
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Superior Border
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A border of the Scapula. Has an indentation known as the Scapular Notch.
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Medial/Vertebral Border
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A border of the Scapula.
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Lateral/Axillary Border
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A border of the Scapula.
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Femur
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The longest and heaviest bone in the body. Only bone of the thigh. It articulates proximally with the coxal bone and inferiorly with the tibia.
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Tibia
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The large bone of the leg. The weight bearing bone of the leg inferior to the femur. It is the medial bone of the leg.
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Pectoral Girdle
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Consists of the right and left scapulae, right and left clavicles. It provides a movable yet stable support for the upper limbs.
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Upper Limb
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Clavicle, Humerus, Scapula, Radius & Ulna, Carpals of Wrist, Metacarpals of Hand and then Phalanges of Hand.
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Pelvic Girdle
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Consists of the two Coxal bones. Each Coxal bone results in the fusion of three bones: the Illium, Ischium, Pubis
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Lower Limb
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The Coxal Bones, Femur, Patella, Tibia & Fibula, Foot Tarsals, Foot Metatarsals & Phalanges.
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Scapula
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Commonly knows as the shoulder Blade.
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Superior Border
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A border of the Scapula. Has an indentation known as the Scapular Notch.
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Femur
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The longest and heaviest bone in the body. Only bone of the thigh. It articulates proximally with the coxal bone and inferiorly with the tibia.
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Medial/Vertebral Border
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A border of the Scapula.
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Lateral/Axillary Border
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A border of the Scapula.
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Tibia
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The large bone of the leg. The weight bearing bone of the leg inferior to the femur. It is the medial bone of the leg.
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Pectoral Girdle
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Consists of the right and left scapulae, right and left clavicles. It provides a movable yet stable support for the upper limbs.
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Upper Limb
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Clavicle, Humerus, Scapula, Radius & Ulna, Carpals of Wrist, Metacarpals of Hand and then Phalanges of Hand.
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Pelvic Girdle
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Consists of the two Coxal bones. Each Coxal bone results in the fusion of three bones: the Illium, Ischium, Pubis
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Lower Limb
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The Coxal Bones, Femur, Patella, Tibia & Fibula, Foot Tarsals, Foot Metatarsals & Phalanges.
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Scapula
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Commonly knows as the shoulder Blade.
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Superior Border
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A border of the Scapula. Has an indentation known as the Scapular Notch.
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Medial/Vertebral Border
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A border of the Scapula.
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Lateral/Axillary Border
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A border of the Scapula.
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Scapular Notch
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Contains a nerve that innervates the shoulder muscles.
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Subscapular Fossa
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An indentation on the anterior surface of the scapula.
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Scapular Spine
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Divides the posterior surface of the Scapula.
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Supraspinous Fossa
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A superior depression in the scapula
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Infraspinous Fossa
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An inferior depression of the scapula.
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Acromion Process
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The spine of the scapula runs from the vertebral border to the lateral edge of the scapula where it expands.
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Coracoid Process
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A projection of the scapula which projects anteriorly.
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Inferior Angle
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One sharp angle of the Scapula
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Superior Angle
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One sharp angle of the Scapula
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Glenoid Cavity/Fossa
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The shallow depression of the scapula that the humerus moves in.
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Clavicle
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Commonly known as the collar bone. It is a small bone that is a strut between the scapula and the sternum.
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Sternal End
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The blunt, vertical truncated end of the clavicle.
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Acromial End
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The horizontally flattened end.
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Conoid Tubercle
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Located on the inferior surface of the clavicle.
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Humerus
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A long bone that articulates with the scapula.
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