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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What acts on complex carbohydrates to convert them to simple sugars?
CARBOHYDRASES
What are simple sugars called?
MONOSACCHARIDES
What in the mouth breaks large polysaccharides into smaller polysaccharides?
SALIVARY AMYLASE
What is a large
polysaccharide?
A STARCH
What are the proteins called that speed up chemical
digestion?
ENZYMES
What are the 2 optimal conditions that allow each enzyme to perform best?
TEMPERATURE & pH
A particular enzyme is very specific about the type of chemical bond it will break.
(True or False)
TRUE
Name the 3 major classes of
digestive enzymes.
1. carbohydrases
2. proteases
3. lipases
Carbohydrate digestion starts when the food reaches the
____________.
DUODENUM
What ions in the duodenum neutralize the acid so that
pancreatic amylase can continue the digestive process.
Pancreatic Bicarbonate
Ions
What 3 enzymes are secreted by the intestinal glands to complete the conversion of all digestible carbohydrates to the monosaccharides?
1. maltase
2. sucrase
3. lactase
Name the 3 monosaccharides that are formed from digestible carbohydrates.
1. glucose
2. fructose
3. galactose
Maltose becomes what?
2 glucose molecules
Sucrase action changes
sucrose to?
Glucose & Fructose
Lactase actions results in what 2 enzymes from lactose?
1 glucose
1 galactose
The small intestine absorbs these monosaccharides and they are transported to the liver via the ________?
Hepatic Portal System
What acts on proteins to release amino acids?
Proteases
What protease in the stomach breaks the bonds between some of the amino acids?
Pepsin
In the small intestine, what 3 proteases breaks more bonds?
1. pancreatic trypsin
2. chymotrypsin
3. peptidases
__________ from intestinal glands help finish the job of protein digestion with the result being individual amino acids.
Peptidases
What acts upon fats (lipids) to result in fatty acids and
glycerol?
Lipases
Amino acids are absorbed along with the sugars and are taken to the liver and to all parts of the body to be used for what?
Protein Synthesis
What 2 chemicals are responsible for fat digestion?
Bile & Lipase
Is bile an enzyme?
NO
What does bile do?
Bile emulsifies the fat,
but does not cause a chemical
change.
What is the enzyme that
breaks the bonds that
connect fatty acids to the
glycerol?
Lipase
Once the lipases break the bonds, the end products are mainly absorbed rather than stored.
Where are they absorbed?
Into the lymph stream via the lacteals in the villi and go throughout body to be used for energy or to be stored.