A&p - 2

Front 1

Somatic Motor Nuron

Back 1

Skeletal Muscle; voluntary

Front 2

Atonomic

Back 2

Smooth/Cardiac; involuntary

Front 3

Astrocyte

Back 3

CNS; located between neuron and body substances; blood brain barrier; resource distribution

Front 4

Oligodendrocytes

Back 4

CNS; creates myelin around neurons; can contain multiple axons; greatly increases nerve impulses

Front 5

Ependymal Cells

Back 5

CNS; lines access to cerebrum; is a primary component in the blood/brain barrier

Front 6

Microglia

Back 6

CNS; similar to macrophages; recycles material; immune component

Front 7

Schwann Cells

Back 7

PNS; creates myelin around neurons; greatly increases nerve impulses

Front 8

Myelin Sheath

Back 8

Structure that covers axons of neurons; speeds up impulse speed; created by ogliodendrocytes and schwann cells

Front 9

Myelin

Back 9

Substance that surrounds axons; created by ogliodendrocytes and schwann cells

Front 10

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 10

Spaces between myelin sheath segments

Front 11

White matter

Back 11

Myelinated axons present; surface of brain

Front 12

Grey matter

Back 12

Non-myelinated axons present; interior of brain

Front 13

Cerebrum

Back 13

Brain

Front 14

Longitudinal fissure

Back 14

Separates right and left hemispheres; only to corpus collosum

Front 15

Lateral ventricle

Back 15

Largest part of the CSF fluid circulation lumen; two ventricles

Front 16

Corpus collosum

Back 16

Superior portion of the diencephalon

Front 17

Cerebral Cortex

Back 17

Exterior of brain

Front 18

Convolutions

Back 18

The undulating exterior of the brain surface

Front 19

Gyrus

Back 19

Lowest point in a convolution

Front 20

Sulcus

Back 20

Highest point in a convolution

Front 21

Frontal lobe

Back 21

Anterior portion of the brain; sense of smell

Front 22

Central Sulcus

Back 22

Superior portion of cerebrum; on parietal lobe; seperates front and back parts of cerebrum

Front 23

Parietal lobe

Back 23

Under associated bone; sensory information

Front 24

Temporal lobe

Back 24

Under associated bone; auditory information

Front 25

Occipital

Back 25

Located under associated bone; visual information

Front 26

Diencephalon

Back 26

Superior to midbrain; encompasses thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and pineal body

Front 27

Pineal Gland

Back 27

Creates various hormones; posterior diencephalon

Front 28

Pituitary gland

Back 28

Creates various hormones; inferior to hypothalamus

Front 29

Brain stem

Back 29

Deep; encompasses midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata; superior to spinal column

Front 30

Midbrain

Back 30

Superior portion of brain stem

Front 31

Cerebral aqueduct

Back 31

CSF duct between 3rd and 4th ventricle

Front 32

Pons

Back 32

Mid portion of brain stem

Front 33

Medulla oblongata

Back 33

Inferior portion of brain stem

Front 34

Cerebellum

Back 34

"little brain"; inferior/dorsal structure of brain; motor coordination

Front 35

Meninges

Back 35

Structure that covers the brain and spinal cord; three layers

Front 36

Dura mater

Back 36

"Tough mother"; protective layer; durable; outer layer

Front 37

Arachnoid mater

Back 37

"Spider mother"; middle layer; delicate web like structures

Front 38

Subarachnoid space

Back 38

Filled with CSF; between arachnoid mater and pia mater

Front 39

Pia mater

Back 39

"Delicate mother"; inner layer; non-durable

Front 40

Choroid plexus

Back 40

CSF production; component of blood plasma from capillary filtration; circulated

Front 41

3rd ventricle

Back 41

Inside structure of the diencephalon; middle of brain; superior to cerebral aqueduct

Front 42

4th ventricle

Back 42

Lowest ventricle; inferior to cerebral aqueduct; inside posterior portion of pons

Front 43

Cerebral aqueduct

Back 43

Duct between 3rd and 4th ventricles

Front 44

Central canal

Back 44

Duct that allows CSF to flow through spinal cord

Front 45

Arachnoid villi/granulation

Back 45

Location in which CSF is circulated out of cerebral interior

Front 46

Dural sinuses

Back 46

Vein that allows for CSF return to blood stream

Front 47

Conus medullaris

Back 47

Tapered end of the spinal cord

Front 48

Filum terminale

Back 48

Strand/fiber of pia mater that continues inferior to the conus medullaris

Front 49

Cauda equina

Back 49

"Horse tail"; CNS neurons that continue beyond the conus midullaris

Front 50

Lumbar puncture/Spinal tap

Back 50

Centesis of the of the spine

Front 51

CN-1

Back 51

Olfactory; sensory; nose

Front 52

CN-2

Back 52

Optic; sensory; eye

Front 53

CN-3

Back 53

Oculomotor; motor; eye muscles (Not CN-4/6)

Front 54

CN-4

Back 54

Trochlear; motor; superior oblique

Front 55

CN-5

Back 55

Trigeminal; mixed; face, teeth, sinuses, etc.; muscles of mastication

Front 56

CN-6

Back 56

Abducens; motor; lateral rectus

Front 57

CN-7

Back 57

Facial; mixed; facial muscles

Front 58

CN-8

Back 58

Vestibulocochlear; sensory; ear

Front 59

CN-9

Back 59

Glossopharyngeal; mixed; pharynx muscles; posterior toung

Front 60

CN-10

Back 60

Vagus; mixed; heart; lungs; gastrointestinal

Front 61

CN-11

Back 61

Accessory; motor; sternocleidomastoid/trapezius

Front 62

CN-12

Back 62

Hypoglossal; motor; toung

Front 63

Aponeurosis

Back 63

Attachment point; wide fibers

Front 64

Synergist

Back 64

Cooperation of another muscle

Front 65

Antagonist

Back 65

Works against another muscle

Front 66

Flexion

Back 66

Bends; anterior

Front 67

Extension

Back 67

Straightens; posterior

Front 68

Abduction

Back 68

Move away from body

Front 69

Adduction

Back 69

Move toward the body

Front 70

(A)

Back 70

Lacramal Gland

Front 71

(B)

Back 71

Superior lacrimal punctum

Front 72

(C)

Back 72

Superior lacrimal canal

Front 73

(D)

Back 73

Lacrimal sac

Front 74

(E)

Back 74

Inferior lacrimal punctum

Front 75

(F)

Back 75

inferior lacrimal canal

Front 76

(G)

Back 76

Nasolacrimal duct

Front 77

Conjunctiva

Back 77

The mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.

Front 78

Back 78

Levator palpebrae superioris

Front 79

Back 79

Subscapularis

Front 80

Back 80

Gluteus maximus

Front 81

Back 81

Gluteus medius

Front 82

Back 82

Gluteus minimus

Front 83

General senses

Back 83

Touch, pain, temperature and pressure

Front 84

Special senses

Back 84

Smell, taste, sight, hearing and equilibrium

Front 85

Palpebrae

Back 85

Eyelids

Front 86

Sclera

Back 86

Fibrous and protective; outer layer (eye)

Front 87

Choroid

Back 87

Vascular; middle layer (eye); absorbs excess light

Front 88

Retina

Back 88

Sensory; inner layer (eye); contains photorecieptors

Front 89

Cornea

Back 89

Clear; "window of the eye"

Front 90

Ciliary muscle

Back 90

Adjusts lens; attached to suspensory ligaments

Front 91

Iris

Back 91

Colored part of eye

Front 92

Pupil

Back 92

Black center of eye

Front 93

Rods

Back 93

Black/white reciptors; general vision

Front 94

Cones

Back 94

Color receptors; detailed vision

Front 95

Macula

Back 95

General area where photoreceptors are most prevalent

Front 96

Fovea centralis

Back 96

Specific location where photoreceptors are the most numerous

Front 97

Optic disk

Back 97

No rods/cones; "blind spot"; entry for optic nerve and various blood vessels

Front 98

Aqueous humor

Back 98

Anterior eye; derived from plasma; liquid

Front 99

Scleral sinus

Back 99

Location where aqueous humor returns to blood stream as plasma

Front 100

Vitreous humor

Back 100

Posterior eye; clear gel; maintains eye shape

Front 101

Vestibule (ear)

Back 101

Sense of balance

Front 102

Cochlea

Back 102

Sense of hearing​

Front 103

Oval window

Back 103

Connects to stapes via membrane

Front 104

Malleus

Back 104

Attaches to tympanic membrane; "hammer"

Front 105

Incus

Back 105

Between malleus and stapes; "anvil"

Front 106

Stapes

Back 106

connects to oval window; "sturrup"