A&p 1 Test Review

Front 1

1. A ____________ is the smallest unit of an organism capable of performing all of
the basic functions of life.
a. molecule
b. cell
c. organ
d. organism

Back 1

b. cell

Front 2

2. Anatomy or physiology?
- study of the physical and chemical processes underlying the functions and
activities of life
a. anatomy
b. physiology

Back 2

b. physiology

Front 3

3. Anatomy or physiology?
-study of the structure and organization of the various parts of the body
a. anatomy
b. physiology

Back 3

a. anatomy

Front 4

4. Which of the following would pertain more to the study of physiology than to the
study of anatomy?
a. identifying the location of a specific muscle
b. identifying the types of tissue present in the stomach wall
c. describing the process by which nerve impulses activate muscle contraction
d. observing the arrangement of cells in the adrenal gland

Back 4

c. describing the process by which nerve impulses activate muscle contraction

Front 5

5. Which of the following would pertain more to the study of anatomy than to the
study of physiology?
a. identifying the types of tissue present in the walls of the intestinal tract
b. identifying the factors that affect blood pressure
c. explaining the action of a hormone
d. describing the process of complex carbohydrate digestion

Back 5

a. identifying the types of tissue present in the walls of the intestinal tract

Front 6

6. The study of tissues is called _________.
a. cytology
b. anatomy
c. histology
d. physiology

Back 6

c. histology

Front 7

7. Which of the following lists is in the order of increasing levels of complexity?
a. organelles - tissues - cells - organ systems - organs
b. cells - macromolecules - tissues - body - organs
c. organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems
d. tissues - cells - organs - organelles - organ systems

Back 7

c. organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems

Front 8

8. In maintaining homeostasis, the body ____________________________.
a. periodically monitors parameters that define the internal environment
b. maintains a static (unchanging) internal environment
c. maintains a relatively constant internal environment compatible with life
d. seeks the lowest possible energy usage

Back 8

c. maintains a relatively constant internal environment compatible with life

Front 9

9. A stimulus produces a depolarization of the membrane potential in a nerve axon.
If the initial stimulus is large enough (i.e. above a certain threshold value), the
depolarization will cause the opening of sodium ion channels. This in turn
produces an even larger depolarization, opening even more sodium ion channels.
The cycle continues until a nerve impulse is generated. This is an example of
_____________.
a. homeostasis
b. negative feedback
c. positive feedback
d. none of the above

Back 9

c. positive feedback

Front 10

10. The following terms are related to negative-feedback:
1. control center
2. effector
3. receptor
4. response
5. stimulus
Arrange them in the correct order as they operate to maintain homeostasis.
a. 1,2,3,4,5
b. 2,3,5,1,4
c. 3,2,1,5,4
d. 4,5,3,2,1
e. 5,3,1,2,4

Back 10

e. 5,3,1,2,4

Front 11

11. The following events are part of a negative-feedback mechanism.
1. Blood pressure increases.
2. Control center compares actual blood pressure to the blood pressure set
point.
3. The heart beats faster.
4. Receptors detect a decrease in blood pressure.
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur.
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 1,3,2,4
c. 3,1,4,2
d. 4,2,3,1
e. 4,3,2,1

Back 11

d. 4,2,3,1

Front 12

12. A person laying on their back and looking at the ceiling is in the ________
position.
a. anatomical
b. supine
c. prone
d. dorsal

Back 12

b. supine

Front 13

15. The mediastinum
a. contains the pleural cavities.
b. separates the pleural cavities.
c. contains the pericardial cavity.
d. Both b and c are correct.

Back 13

d. Both b and c are correct.

Front 14

16. The serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is the:
a. pleura
b. peritoneum
c. pericardium
d. mesentery

Back 14

b. peritoneum

Front 15

17. The serous membrane enclosing each lung:
a. pleura
b. peritoneum
c. pericardium
d. mesentery

Back 15

a. pleura

Front 16

18. If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity
will be opened?
a. the abdominal cavity
b. the pleural cavity
c. the dorsal cavity
d. the thoracic cavity

Back 16

a. the abdominal cavity

Front 17

21. The symbol H+ stands for
a. hydrogen anion
b. hydrogen cation
c. proton
d. Both b and c are correct.

Back 17

d. Both b and c are correct.

Front 18

22. Unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms produces a(n)
a. nonpolar covalent bond
b. polar covalent bond
c. ionic bond
d. hydrogen bond

Back 18

b. polar covalent bond

Front 19

25. Hydrophilic molecules:
a. readily dissolve in water because they contain nonpolar covalent bonds.
b. readily dissolve in water because they contain charged groups and/or polar
covalent bonds.
c. do not readily dissolve in water because they contain polar covalent bonds.
d. readily dissolve in lipids because they contain nonpolar covalent bonds.

Back 19

b. readily dissolve in water because they contain charged groups and/or polar
covalent bonds.

Front 20

26. In the study of physiology, the decomposition of macromolecules to simpler
compounds is termed:
a. anabolism
b. catabolism
c. metabolism
d. homeostasis

Back 20

b. catabolism

Front 21

28. In the study of physiology, the synthesis of macromolecules from simpler
compounds is termed:
a. anabolism
b. catabolism
c. metabolism
d. hydrolysis

Back 21

a. anabolism

Front 22

29. The continuous breakdown and replacement of cellular macromolecules is
termed:
a. anabolic turnover
b. catabolic turnover
c. metabolic turnover
d. metabolism

Back 22

c. metabolic turnover

Front 23

30. In cells, glucose, a six-carbon molecule, is converted into two three-carbon
molecules by a reaction that releases energy. How would you classify this
reaction?
a. both anabolic and endergonic
b. both anabolic and exergonic
c. both catabolic and endergonic
d. both catabolic and exergonic

Back 23

d. both catabolic and exergonic

Front 24

31. Limited supplies of glucose are stored as a polysaccharide in:
a. adipose tissue
b. the liver
c. muscle
d. Both b and c are correct.

Back 24

d. Both b and c are correct.

Front 25

32. The storage form of glucose in humans is ___________.
a. triglyceride
b. starch
c. sucrose
d. glycogen

Back 25

d. glycogen

Front 26

33. Which of the following statements concerning lipids is FALSE?
a. include triglycerides, the primary storage form for energy in the body
b. include the phospholipids that make up lipid membranes
c. include cholesterol
d. readily dissolve in water

Back 26

d. readily dissolve in water

Front 27

34. A chain of 5 amino acids would be called a ___________.
a. protein
b. polypeptide
c. peptide
d. monomer

Back 27

c. peptide

Front 28

35 The basic units or building blocks of triglycerides are
a. simple sugars
b. amino acids
c. glycerol and fatty acids
d. nucleotides

Back 28

c. glycerol and fatty acids

Front 29

36. ATP
a. is formed by the addition of a phosphate group to ADP.
b. is formed with energy released during catabolic reactions.
c. provides the energy for most anabolic reactions.
d. contains three phosphate groups.
e. All of the above.

Back 29

e. All of the above.

Front 30

37. Which of these statements concerning enzymes is correct?
a. Enzymes increase the rate of reactions but are permanently changed as a
result.
b. Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts.
c. Enzymes increase the activation energy requirement for a reaction to occur.
d. Enzymes increase the kinetic energy of the reactants.

Back 30

b. Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts.

Front 31

38. Which of these is an example of a carbohydrate?
a. glycogen
b. triglyceride
c. cholesterol
d. DNA

Back 31

a. glycogen

Front 32

39. Activation energy
a. is only required for anabolic reactions.
b. is only required when body temperatures drop below normal.
c. is the amount of energy required to make a reaction proceed.
d. All of the above are true statements.

Back 32

c. is the amount of energy required to make a reaction proceed.

Front 33

40. Enzymes are able to catalyze reactions because they
a. increase the activation energy.
b. lower the activation energy.
c. make reactions go slower.
d. are consumed during the reaction.

Back 33

b. lower activation energy

Front 34

41. A kinase is an enzyme that
a. catalyzes the polymerization of DNA molecules.
b. breaks down lipids.
c. breaks down nucleic acids.
d. catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules.

Back 34

d. catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to molecules.

Front 35

42. Somatic cells
a. include sperm.
b. include ova.
c. include hepatocytes.
d. All of the above.

Back 35

c. include hepatocytes.

Front 36

43. Which of the following is in the correct order?
a. RNA -> transcription -> DNA -> translation -> protein
b. DNA-> translation -> RNA -> transcription -> protein
c. DNA -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> protein
d. DNA -> RNA -> transcription -> translation -> protein

Back 36

c. DNA -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> protein

Front 37

44. The ________________ is the barrier between a cell and its environment.
a. cytosol
b. cytoplasm
c. plasma membrane
d. plasma

Back 37

c. plasma membrane

Front 38

45. The cell substance filling the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus is
the ________________.
a. plasma
b. cytoplasm
c. endosome
d. glycocalyx

Back 38

b. cytoplasm

Front 39

46. Which of the following is true of cell nuclei?
a. The DNA within the nucleus is packaged with proteins, forming a structure
referred to as chromatin.
b. The nuclear membrane is continuous with the plasma membrane.
c. Nuclei contain spherical organelles called nucleoli, which synthesize proteins.
d. The nucleus contains all of the cell’s DNA.

Back 39

a. The DNA within the nucleus is packaged with proteins, forming a structure

Front 40

47. The process of transcription involves production of:
a. an amino acid chain from an mRNA template
b. an amino acid chain from a DNA template
c. DNA from an RNA template
d. RNA from a DNA template

Back 40

d. RNA from a DNA template

Front 41

48. The process of translation involves production of:
a. an amino acid chain from an mRNA template
b. an amino acid chain from a DNA template
c. DNA from an RNA template
d. RNA from a DNA template

Back 41

a. an amino acid chain from an mRNA template

Front 42

49. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides within a segment of DNA that provides the
coded instructions for making a specific protein.
b. All genes have a promoter region where transcription factors bind to recruit
RNA polymerase to the gene.
c. When transcription from a gene is activated, we say that the gene is being
expressed.
d. Gene expression can be turned on and turned off but the level of expression
cannot otherwise be modulated.

Back 42

d. Gene expression can be turned on and turned off but the level of expression
cannot otherwise be modulated.

Front 43

50. Translation is
a. the process by which information encoded in a molecule of mRNA is translated
to an amino acid chain.
b. the process by which information encoded in DNA is copied as a molecule of
mRNA.
c. the production of ATP.
d. the production of new plasma membrane.

Back 43

a. the process by which information encoded in a molecule of mRNA is translated
to an amino acid chain.

Front 44

51. Which of the following statements about ATP is (are) true?
a. ATP is used for long-term storage of energy.
b. ATP is a short-term carrier of energy within the cell.
c. Energy is released when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP.
d. All of the above are correct.
e. B and C only are correct.

Back 44

e. B and C only are correct.

Front 45

52. An ionic bond involves _____.
a. the sharing of a single pair of electrons
b. an attraction between ions of opposite charge
c. the unequal sharing of an electron pair

Back 45

b. an attraction between ions of opposite charge

Front 46

53. All of the following are polymers EXCEPT
a. proteins
b. lipids
c. carbohydrates
d. nucleic acids

Back 46

b. lipids

Front 47

54. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Forming new bonds releases energy.
b. Endergonic reactions release energy.
c. In an exergonic reaction the energy in the reactants is less than the energy
in the products.
d. Exergonic reactions release energy.

Back 47

d. Exergonic reactions release energy.

Front 48

55. Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?
a. amino acids/proteins
b. steroids/lipids
c. monosacchrides/ complex carbohydrates
d. nucleotides/nucleic acids

Back 48

b. sterooids/lipids

Front 49

56. In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____.
a. a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... consumed
b. a monomer is broken up into its constituent polymers ... produced
c. monomers are assembled to produce a polymer ... consumed
d. a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... produced

Back 49

a. a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... consumed

Front 50

59. A person in the anatomical position will exhibit each of the following EXCEPT:
a. standing erect
b. arms to the side
c. palms facing anteriorly
d. palms facing posteriorly

Back 50

d. palms facing posteriorly

Front 51

60. The scapula (shoulder blade) is __________ to the lung.
a. dorsal
b. posterior
c. superficial
d. All of the above.

Back 51

d. All of the above

Front 52

61. The nose is __________ and __________ to the ears.
a. anterior, proximal
b. superior, lateral
c. inferior, posterior
d. anterior, medial
e. superficial, medial

Back 52

d. anterior, medial

Front 53

62. Which of these structures is NOT found in the mediastinum?
a. diaphragm
b. esophagus
c. heart
d. thymus gland
e. trachea

Back 53

a. diaphragm

Front 54

63. The cavity surrounded by the rib cage and bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm
is the ______________.
a. mediastinum
b. pericardial cavity
c. thoracic cavity
d. abdomen
e. pelvic cavity

Back 54

c. thoracic cavity

Front 55

64. The clavicle (collarbone) is _____________ to the nipple of the breast.
a. anterior
b. distal
c. superficial
d. superior
e. ventral

Back 55

d. superior

Front 56

65. Which of the following organs is NOT retroperitoneal?
a. adrenal glands
b. kidneys
c. pancreas
d. stomach

Back 56

d. stomach

Front 57

66. Which of the following is most inferior in location?
a. pelvic cavity
b. mediastinum
c. diaphragm
d. pleural cavity

Back 57

a. pelvic cavity

Front 58

67. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the
a. sternum
b. diaphragm
c. mediastinum
d. mesentery

Back 58

b. diaphragm

Front 59

68. The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ______
cavity.
a. pleural
b. thoracic
c. pelvic
d. abdominal

Back 59

d. abdominal

Front 60

69. The shoulder is ________ to the elbow.
a. proximal
b. dorsal
c. distal
d. ventral

Back 60

a. proximal

Front 61

70. The cranial cavity is _______ to the thoracic cavity.
a. inferior
b. anterior
c. peripheral
d. superior

Back 61

d. superior

Front 62

71. A parietal membrane _______, whereas a visceral membrane _______.
a. covers organs; lines cavities
b. lines cavities; covers organs
c. is thick; is thin
d. secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

Back 62

b. lines cavities; covers organs

Front 63

72. The thoracic cavity lies where in relationship to the abdominopelvic cavity?
a. dorsal
b. ventral
c. superior
d. inferior

Back 63

c. superior

Front 64

73. The ankle is _______ to the knee.
a. deep
b. medial
c. superior
d. distal

Back 64

d. distal

Front 65

74. A midsagittal plane divides the body into ________________.
a. left and right halves
b. anterior and posterior halves
c. ventral and dorsal halves
d. superior and inferior halves

Back 65

a. left and right halves

Front 66

75. A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is
called a ___________.
a. sagittal plane
b. frontal plane
c. coronal plane
d. transverse plane

Back 66

d. transverse

Front 67

76. A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is
called a(n) _____________.
a. frontal plane
b. sagittal plane
c. transverse plane
d. oblique plane

Back 67

a. frontal plane

Front 68

77. Which of the paired terms below are opposites?
a. anterior and cephalic
b. posterior and cephalic
c. posterior and caudal
d. superior and cephalic
e. anterior and dorsal

Back 68

e. anterior and dorsal

Front 69

78. Which of the following most correctly describes the relationship between the
heart and the urinary bladder?
a. The urinary bladder is superior to the heart.
b. The urinary bladder is inferior to the heart.
c. The urinary bladder is anterior to the heart.
d. The urinary bladder is proximal to the heart.

Back 69

b. The urinary bladder is inferior to the heart.

Front 70

79. Which of the following most correctly describes the relationship between the
spine and the lungs?
a. The spine is medial and posterior to the lungs.
b. The spine is medial and anterior to the lungs.
c. The spine is lateral and posterior to the lungs.
d. The spine is lateral and anterior to the lungs.

Back 70

a. The spine is medial and posterior to the lungs.

Front 71

80. In figure #1, the crural region is marked:
a. M
b. N
c. O
d. P

Back 71

d. P

Front 72

81. In figure #1, the femoral region is marked:
a. M
b. N
c. O
d. P

Back 72

c. O

Front 73

82. In figure #1, what an anatomist would call the leg is marked:
a. M
b. N
c. O
d. P

Back 73

d. P

Front 74

83. In figure #1, the brachial region is marked:
a. M
b. N
c. O
d. P

Back 74

a. M

Front 75

84. In figure #1, the antebrachial region is marked:
a. M
b. N
c. O
d. P

Back 75

b. N

Front 76

85. In figure #1, what an anatomist would call the arm is marked:
a. M
b. N
c. O
d. P

Back 76

a. M

Front 77

86. In figure #2, the pelvic cavity is marked:
a. R
b. T
c. V
d. W

Back 77

d. W

Front 78

87. In figure #2, the thoracic cavity is marked:
a. R
b. T
c. V
d. W

Back 78

b. T

Front 79

88. In figure #2, the abdominopelvic cavity is marked:
a. T
b. U
c. V
d. W

Back 79

b. U

Front 80

89. In figure #2, the cranial cavity is marked:
a. R
b. S
c. T
d. U

Back 80

a. R

Front 81

90. The anatomical term that refers to the head:
a. sacral
b. mental
c. cephalic
d. coxal

Back 81

c. cephalic