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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 4 categories of tissues found in your body? |
Nervous, Muscle, Epithelial, Connective |
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What are the two types of nervous tissue? |
Neurons and glial cells |
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What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? |
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
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What type of tissue is multinucleated, striated, and smooth? |
Skeletal |
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What type of tissue is mononucleate, branching, and connect with intercalcated discs |
Cardiac |
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What type of tissue is made of short, tapered cells, with no striations? |
Smooth muscle |
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Which muscle tissue is voluntary? |
Skeletal |
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What are the 3 types of connective tissue? |
Proper, Supportive, Fluid |
"Proper Souls Bleed" |
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What are the two major categories of connective tissue proper? |
Dense and loose |
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What are the 3 types of loose CT proper? |
Areolar,adipose, reticular |
"Airy is always right" |
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What are the 3 types of dense, peoper CT? |
Irregular, Regular, Elastic |
"Regular Irregular Elsa" |
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What are the 4 types of supporting CT? |
Elastic, Bone, Hyaline, Fibrocartilage |
"Every Bone has funk" |
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What are the 3 types of fluid (blood) CT? |
Erythrocyte, leukocytes, platelets |
"Emmerson, Lake, Palmer" |
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What is the difference between loose and dense connective tissue proper? |
Dense has a lot of collagen, so it resists tension. Loose has lots of elastin and more ground substance. |
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What is the extracellular matrix? |
Made of ground substance and fibers like collagen, elastic, and reticular |
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Where can you find extracellular matrix? |
In all of your connective tissue |
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What suffix translates to immature cell? |
-blast |
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What are the blast cells of cartilage? |
Chondroblasts |
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What is another name for white blood cell? |
Leukocyte |
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Where can you find dense elastic tissue? |
It's rare - found in the aorta, trachea, and vocal chords |
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Where can you find dense regular CT? |
Tendons and ligaments |
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Where can you find dense irregular CT? |
Epineurium, periosteum, joint capsules, dermis of skin |
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Is cartilage vascular? |
No |
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Is cartilage innervated? |
No |
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What is Hyaline cartilage made of? |
Chondrocytes in lacunae |
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Where can you find Hyaline cartilage? |
Costal cartilage, At the end of bones, tip of your nose, fetal skeleton |
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How is elastic cartilage different from Hyaline cartilage? |
Elastic cartilage has elastic fibers and maintains shape while being flexible. Hyaline cartilage is basically pseudo-bone and is much less flexible. |
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Where can you find elastic cartilage? |
Auricle |
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What is the primary role of Fibrocartilage? |
Shock absorbtion |
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Where can you find Fibrocartilage? |
Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee |
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Why is epithelial tissue so important? |
Provides order,protects, selective permeability, secretions, sensation |
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Where can you find proper epithelium? |
Lines your outer and inner body ( cavities) |
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Where can you find your glandular epithelium? |
Forma glands that secrete hormones and other substances |
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What is the name for the outermost epithelium? |
Epudermis |
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Are epithelial tissues vascular? |
No, they are avascular |
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What are the 3 basic shapes of epithelial tissue? |
Squameous, cuboidal, columnar |
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What are squamous cells good for? |
Making thin membranes; they absorb and diffuse quickly |
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What are cuboidal cells good for? |
Absorbing nutrients and producing secretions |
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What are columnar cells good for? |
Like cuboidal cells, they absorb nutrients and produce secretions |
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Where can you find the highest concentration of squamous cells? |
Skin and mouth |
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Are epithelial cells polar? |
Yes, they have an apical and basal surface. |
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What are the major levels of organization in a human organism? |
Atom, Molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
"All Macho Men Only Cry Thanks Once Offered Outback" |
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How does the ventral cavity differ from the posterior aspect? |
The ventral cavity has serious membranes while the posterior aspect is encasesd in bone. |
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Define anatomy |
The study of structure |
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Define physiology |
The study of function |
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What does the ventral cavity contain? |
Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, retroperitoneal organs |
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What is a retroperitoneal organ? |
Organs that have peritoneal on the anterior side only |
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What is contained in the mediastinum? |
Heart, esophagus, and trachea |
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Where is the Cranial cavity? |
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Where is the vertebral cavity? |
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Where is the abdominopelvic cavity? |
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Where is the pleural cavity? |
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Where is the pericardial cavity? |
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What dissection plane would separate the brain and the uterus? |
Transverse |
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The lungs are X to the diaphraghm? |
Superior |
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The fingers are X to the elbow? |
Distal |
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How would a person be separated if they were cut on a saggital plane? |
Lateral and medial |
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How would a person be separated if they were cut on a coronal plane? |
Anterior and posterior |
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What is contained in a serious membrane? |
A serous cavity and it's organs |
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Where can you find a serous membrane? |
In the pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic cavities |
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What is serous fluid and what does it do? |
Oily fluid that reduces friction of organs during body movement |
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What is the serous membrane around the heart called? |
Perucardium |
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What is the outermost serous membrane called? |
Parietal |
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What is the serous membrane called that touches organs? |
Visceral |
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What is the outermost serous membrane of the lungs called? |
Parietal pleura |
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What is the innermost serious membrane of the heart called? |
Visceral pericardium |
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What is the serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity called? |
Peritoneum |
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What is homeostasis? |
Maintaining a stable internal environment regardless of internal or external environmental changes. |
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A heart attack reduces function if the cardiovascular system. As the patient struggles to pump blood, less nutrients are delivered to the heart, further weakening it. What type of feedback system is this? |
Positive |
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How do you know a feedback system is positive? |
The stimulus is reinforced |
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How do you know a feedback system is negative? |
The resulting action will be in the opposite direction of the stimulus |
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Regardless of it's positive or negative e feedback, what are the 6 steps to homeostasis? |
1. stimulus creates change 2. receptors detect stimulus 3. Receptors sends input information to control center (brain, spinal cord, or endocrine gland) 4. The control center integrates input and "decides" how to react 5. Control center sends output information to an effector 6. The effector brings about a change to the stimulus |
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Is temperature regulation positive or negative feedback? |
Negative |
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What is a "set point"? |
The normal range of a variable |
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Breast feeding is positive or negative feedback? |
Positive |
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What is the level of organization composed of two or more tissue types working together to perform a common function? |
Organ |
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What term means the sum of all chemical reactions in the body? |
Metabolism |
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How does a midisaggital plane separate the body? |
Into right and left halves. |
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What term describes an appendage structure that is closest to the trunk? |
Proximal |
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Which body cavity is located inferior to the diaphraghm and superior to a horizontal lines drawn between the superior edges of the hip bones? |
Abdominal cavity |
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What is the name of the serous membrane layer that covers the surface of the lungs? |
Visceral pleura |
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What 6 properties are common to all loving things? |
Organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, regulation, reproduction |
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What are the two body cavities in the posterior aspect? |
Cranialand vertebral |
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What is the directional term that refers to the middle of the body? |
Medial |
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What aspect houses the pericardium? Anterior or posterior? |
Anterior |
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What homeostatic mechanism brings about the change to the stimulus to maintain homeostasis? |
The effector |
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What are the 3 endocrine structures found within the brain? |
Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland |
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T/F , the cephalic cavity is part of the ventral cavity? |
F |
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T/F, the thoracic cavity is part of the central cavity? |
T |
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Is blood clotting positive or negative feedback? |
Positive |
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T/F serous membranes are associated with body joints providing lubricating fluid where bones articulate |
F (sinnovial) |
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What are the two ways subastances can cross a membrane? |
Passive or active transport; vesicular transport |
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Which type of membrane transport does not require energy? |
Passive transport |
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What is diffusion? |
The movement of a substance from a high concentration area to a low concentration area. |
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Does diffusion require energy? |
No |
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What is the process of diffusion used to regulate water content in a cell? |
Osmosis |
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What is the difference between simple and facilitated diffusion? |
Simple diffusion is when a substance simply passes through the phospholipid bilayer to an area of low concentration. Facilitated diffusion is this same type of passive transport but with the help of a channel or carrier. |
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Why is facilitated diffusion necessary? |
The outside of the plasma membrane is polar and hydrophilic and the inside is nonpolar and hydrophobic. Therefore, polar substances will get trapped in the inside of the layer, and non polar substances won't be able to enter at all! |
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What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane and where can you find it? |
Found in the hydrophobic region, it strengthens the membrane and stabilizes it at temperature extremes. |
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What is the role of lipids in the plasma membrane? |
They are insoluble and and form the basic framework of the cell. |
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Where can you find the carbohydrate portion of the cell membrane? |
On the outside |
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What are the 3 layers of the skin? |
1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous |
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What are the 5 layers of the epidermis? |
1. Stratum Corneum 2. lucidum 3. Granulosum 4. Spinosum 5. Basale |
"Come, let's get sunburned!" |
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What are the cell types found in the stratum basale? |
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile (Merkel cells) |
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Where are keratinocytes mitotically active? |
Stratum basale |
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Where are the immune cells of the epidermis found? |
Stratum spinosum |
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In what layer are keratinocytes actually alive? |
Basale and spinosum |
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What is the process of keratinozation? |
When a keratinocytes dies because it is so full with the protein keratin |
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Where does the process of keratinozation begin? |
The stratum granulosum |
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What skin layer is only found in thick skin? |
Stratum lucidium |
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Which layer contains the most amount of keratinozation? |
The stratum corneum |
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T/F think skin has hair follicles |
F |
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T/F Thin skin has hair follicles? |
T |
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Where can you find melanocytes? |
The stratum basale |
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What are the 2 layers of the dermis? |
1. Papillary 2. Reticular |
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What tissue is the papillary layer of the dermis made out of? |
Areolar CT |
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What is the function of the dermal papillae? |
Nourish the epidermis and house sensory receptors |
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What tissue type is the reticular layer of the dermis made of? |
Dense irregular CT |
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What is the function of the reticular layer? |
Create a meshwork the houses important structures like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nerves, and hair follicles. |
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What is the subcutaneous layer made of? |
Fat and areolar CT |
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T/F the subcutaneous layer is a part of the integument? |
F |
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What is the function of the subcutaneous layer? |
Pad and protect the body, act as an energy reservoir, provide thermal insulation |
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What factors contribute to skin color? |
Hemoglobin,melanin, carotene |
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What are the 3 main hair types? |
Lanugo - unpigmented baby hair Vellus- pigmented and fine. Found on limbs Terminal - coarser and found on scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes |
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What are the 3 types of sweat glands? |
Merocrine Apocrine Sebaceous |
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How do merocrine and apocrine glands secrete? |
Ducts on the surface of the skin |
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How do sebaceous glands secrete? |
Via hair follicles |
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